operant conditioning Flashcards
the difference between classical conditioning and operant conditioning
cc- forms associations between two stimuli
oc- forms associations between behaviors and resulting events
law of effect
responses that produce desirable results will
be learned by organism
skinner box
a highly controlled environment used to study operant conditioning processes with laboratory animals
shaping
operant conditioning procedure in which reinforces guide behavior closer towards target behavior through successive approximations
primary reinforcers
innately reinforcing stimulus that usually satisfy some biological need like food or drink
secondary (conditioned) reinforcers
a learned reinforcer, it gets power from its association with primary reinforcer
immediate reinforcer
a reinforcer that occurs closely to a behavior in time
delayed reinforcer
a reinforcer that is delayed in time for a certain behavior
positive
adding
negative
taking away
reinforcement
increases behavior
punishment
decreases behavior
positive reinforcement
increase in response by adding/ giving positive stimulus
negative reinforcement
increase in response by removing an aversive stimulus
partial or intermittent reinforcement
reinforcing a response only part of the time though results in slower acquisition in the beginning, shows greater resistance to
extinction
continuous reinforcement
reinforcing the desired response each time it occurs
ratio
number of times desired behavior is preformed
interval
amount of time desired behavior is preformed
fixed ratio
reinforces a response only after a specific number of responses
variable ratio
reinforces a response after an unpredictable number of responses produces more responding, hard to extinguish
fixed interval
reinforces a response only after a specific time has elapsed (studying the night before)
variable interval
reinforces a response at unpredictable time intervals, produces slow steady responding ( pop quiz)
punishment
a response to an action that results in the adding or removing of a stimulus
positive punishment
decrease in response by adding an aversive stimulus (adding more chores for bad grade)
negative punishment
decrease in response by removing positive stimulus
