OpenStax Chapter 7 Key Terms

Question 1

ionic bonds

Answer 1

electrostatic attraction between two oppositely charged molecules

Question 2

cation

Answer 2

positively charged ions
smaller than its parent ion

Question 3

anions

Answer 3

negatively charged ion
larger than its parent electron

Question 4

covalent bonds

Answer 4

forms between atoms of similar effective nuclear charge sharing electrons to gain an octet

Question 5

pure covalent bond

Answer 5

electrons are shared equally

Question 6

polar covalent bond

Answer 6

electrons are shared unequally

Question 7

electronegativity

Answer 7

influence that the nucleus of an atom in a bond exerts over its electrons

Question 8

electron affinity

Answer 8

energy change associated with a gaseous atom accepting an electron
+ = less likely to accept
- = more likely to accept

Question 9

lewis symbol

Answer 9

used to represent electrons configurations of atoms
shows the formation of cations and anions

Question 10

lewis structures

Answer 10

show the distribution of electrons in a molecule

Question 11

bonding electrons

Answer 11

electrons involved in bonding

Question 12

lone pair electrons

Answer 12

electrons that are not involved in bonding
not shared to another atom

Question 13

octet rule

Answer 13

tendency of main group atoms to form enough bonds to obtain eight electrons

Question 14

single bond

Answer 14

longest bond
1 sigma bond

Question 15

double bond

Answer 15

shorter and stronger than a single bond, longer and weaker than a triple bond
1 sigma bond, 1 pi bond

Question 16

triple bond

Answer 16

strongest and shortest
2 pi bonds and 1 sigma bond

Question 17

sigma bond

Answer 17

overlap over the inter-nuclear axis
stronger than a pi bond

Question 18

pi bond

Answer 18

occurs above and below the inter-nuclear axis
more reactive than a sigma bond since it is weaker

Question 19

valence electrons

Answer 19

electrons in the outmost shell of an atom

Question 20

radical

Answer 20

have an odd number of valence electrons
unpaired electron

Question 21

electron deficient molecule

Answer 21

central atom that has fewer electrons needed for a noble gas configuration

Question 22

hypervalent molecule

Answer 22

central atom that needs more electrons for a noble gas configuration

Question 23

dipole moment

Answer 23

results form charge separation

Question 24

charge separation

Answer 24

results from bonds with atoms of different electronegativity
results in a polar bond

Question 25

polar molecule

Answer 25

at least one polar bond
a structure in which dipoles do not cancel
always has regions of partial charge