OpenStax - Ch. 2 Descriptive Statistics Flashcards
Box plot
a graph that gives a quick picture of the middle 50% of the data.
First Quartile
the value that is the median of the lower half of the ordered data set.
Frequency
the number of times a value of the data occurs.
Frequency Polygon
looks like a line graph but uses intervals to display ranges of large amounts of data.
Frequency Table
a data representation in which grouped data is displayed along with the corresponding frequencies.
Histogram
a graphical representation in x-y form of the distribution of data in a data set; x represents the data and y represents the frequency, or relative frequency. The graph consists of contiguous rectangles.
Interquartile Range
or IQR, is the range of the middle 50 percent of the data values; the IQR is found by subtracting the first quartile from the third quartile.
Interval
also called a class interval; an interval represents a range of data and is used when displaying large data sets.
Mean
a number that measures the central tendency of the data; a common name for mean is ‘average.’
Median
a number that separates ordered data into halves; half the values are the same number or smaller than the median and half the values are the same number or larger than the median. The median may or may not be part of the data.
Midpoint
the mean of an interval in a frequency table.
Mode
the value that appears most frequently in a set of data.
Outlier
an observation that does not fit the rest of the data.
Paired Data Set
two data sets that have a one to one relationship so that: both data sets are the same size, and each data point in one data set is matched with exactly one point from the other set.
Percentile
a number that divides ordered data into hundredths; percentiles may or may not be part of the data. The median of the data is the second quartile and the 50th percentile. The first and third quartiles are the 25th and the 75th percentiles, respectively.