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physiology FM1010 > OP-L3 > Flashcards

OP-L3 Flashcards

1
Q

Fluid distribution

A

ICF> ECF( Interstitial. fluid> plasma)

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2
Q

What ions have a higher concentration in the ICF than in the ECF?

A

Mg2+, K+ , Phosphate
(Remember MGK singer +phosphate)

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3
Q

total body water of a 70 kg human

A

42 L

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4
Q

Do adipocytes have more or less water

A

less

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5
Q

How much total body water is lost per day
How much is lost in the following:
- Kidneys
- lungs
- skin
- digestion

A

2.5 L
- Kidneys – 1.5 L
- lungs – 0.3
- skin– 0.6
- digestion – 0.1

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6
Q

Total ICF and ECF?

A

ICF = 28 L (2/3rds)
ECF = 14 L (1/3rds)

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7
Q

why no net movement of water btwn ICF and ECF?

A

same osmolarity

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8
Q

Plasma membrane functions:

A
  • cell adhesion
  • cell communication
  • Transportation of substances in and out of the cell
  • Cell recognition via surface antigens
  • Enzymatic activity
  • Determination of cell shape
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9
Q

Structure of glycolipids?

A

2 fatty acyl chains linked to carbohydrate polar head groups

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10
Q

types of plasma memb proteins?

A

Integral, lipid-anchored or peripheral

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11
Q

what do non-antibiotic drugs target

A

G-protein coupled receptors

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12
Q

Mechanisms of memb. transport - types of memb transport proteins

A
  • AQPs –> water transport channels - regulated by number of channels or channel permeability (pH)
  • Ion channels –> classified by selectivity – specific ions or non-specific cations
  • solute carriers : Uniporters, antiporters, symporters
  • ATP dependent transporter (ATP pumps)
  • Endocytosis
  • Exocytosis
  • Diffusion
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13
Q

which one can water cross
-epithelia
- lipid bilayer

A

epithelia

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14
Q

how does water get in and out if it cant cross the cell membrane (lipid bilayer) in the kidney

A
  • Thru the pores in the glomerulus during blood filtration
  • thru aquaporins in the collecting ducts and the loops of henle and tubules
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15
Q

Significance of ADH in the reabsorption of water in the kidneys? + what process inserts the aquaporin channels into the membrane?

A
  • AQP 1 is always inserted into the basolateral membrane of collecting ducts while AQP-2 is present in the cytoplasm of the collecting duct cells
  • If ADH is secreted then AQP-2 will be inserted into the apical membrane of the collecting ducts via exocytosis of vesicles containing AQP-2 channels.
  • If AQP-2 channels are inserted then water is reabsorbed
  • more concentrated urine - increased reabsorption
    – If dehydration - ADH secreted
    – If hydrated – no ADH - no AQP-2 inserted into the apical membrane thus no reabsorption of water thus dilute urine
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16
Q

What disorder is associated with AQP-2 channels - explain what happens

A

If two defective alleles for AQP-2 channels
Then diabetes insipidus
Problems with water reabsorption as despite ADH secretion AQP-2 channels arent inserted into the apical membrane

17
Q

where in the brain is the sensor that monitors osmolarity?

A

The hyppothalamus

18
Q

osmolarity?

A

Concentration of osmotically active ions and molecules in plasma

19
Q

Explain the mechanism of maintaining plasma homeostasis by ADH

A

Dehydration –> low blood vol +high osmolarity –> stimulates the osmoreceptors in the hypothalamus -> stimulates the release of ADH by the pituitary gland and also stimulates thirst –> ADH goes to kidneys –> water reabsorbed and less excreted

20
Q

is osmolarity high or low if you’re dehydrated?

A

high

21
Q

why is water not reabsorbed when you drink alcohol?

A

blocks pituitary gland from secreting ADH

22
Q

what are some negative feedback loops? diseases due to problems with negative feedback loops?

A

Production of sweat when it gets too hot –> the body does so in order to cool down the body
Shivering when its very cold –> does so in order to warm up the body with increased kinetic energy.
–If this negative feedback response was absent a person could get hypothermia

(sensor–> controller–> effector –> stimulates negative feedback response)

Cancer - dysregulated cell division
Fever - dysregulated body temp
Cystic Fibrosis - airway surface liquid composition
Cholera - dys. water balance

23
Q

positive feedback example

A

Blood clot formation
Increase in clotting factors stimulates more clotting factors

24
Q

How do you calculate total body water?

A
25
Q

Assumptions in total body water calculation

A
  • solute is not broken down by body (like glucose by insulin)
  • Equilibration is complete within 24 hours
  • There is no water intake during this period
  • Correction for water loss is accurate

physiology FM1010 (8 decks)

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