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Embryology > Oogenesis > Flashcards

Oogenesis Flashcards

1
Q

What cells are gametes derived from?

A

Primordial Germ Cells (PGCs)

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2
Q

Were are PGCs formed? Then they move to…

A

Epiblast, then move to wall of Yolk Sac (WEEK 2)

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3
Q

What happens after PGCs move to YS?

A

They migrate to gonads (WEEK 4)

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4
Q

When do PGCs arrive at gonads?

A

Week 5 - increase in number by mitosis

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5
Q

When PGCs arrive at Female Gonads…

A

They differentiate into Oogonia (many mitotic devisions forming clusters by month 3)

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6
Q

What are found around oogonia clusters?

A

Flat epithelial Follicular cells

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7
Q

Primary oocytes phase?

A

Arrested in prophase of Meiosis I

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8
Q

What happens by Month 7 of oogenesis?

A

Most primary oocytes + oogonia degenerate, any surviving enter Prophase of Mei-1 and surrounded by follicular epithelial cells = PRIMORDIAL FOLLICLE

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9
Q

What happens to Primary oocytes near birth?

A

Enter Meiosis 1 but Do not enter metaphase, they enter diplotene stage

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10
Q

What is Diplotene stage? + What causes it?

A

Primary oocytes remain arrested and do not enter metaphase until puberty, Oocyte maturation inhibitor OMI (formed by follicular cells)

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11
Q

How many oocytes become ovulated?

A

Only around 500 of the original 7 million

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12
Q

How many follicles are selected each month to mature?

A

15 - 20, some die and some accumulate in antrum entering Antral/vesicular stage

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13
Q

What happens to follicles before ovulation?

A

Fluid accumulates in the follicle calling them Mature vesicular follicles (Graafian follicles)

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14
Q

What happens to follicular cells as primordial follicles grow?

A

They change from flat to cuboidal, form a stratified epithelium of Granulosa cells = Primary Follicle

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15
Q

What forms the Zona Pellucida?

A

Granulosa cells and Oocyte

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16
Q

Outer Theca

A

Formed by ovarian conn. tissue, Theca folliculi separates Theca interna from externa

17
Q

Antrum

A

Is a fluid accumulation forming a Vesicular/Antral follicle

18
Q

What is Mature follicle called?

A

Mature vesicular (Graafian) follicle, Cumulus oophorus around oocyte

19
Q

Hormones in follicle maturity + Outcome

A

Surge in Luteinizing hormone (LH)

20
Q

What happens after surge of LH

A

Meiosis 1 completed, forms 2 daughter cells, only one has cytoplasm = Secondary Oocyte, other is first polar body

21
Q

Step after secondary oocyte + polar body form

A

The Secondary oocyte enters Meiosis II but does NOT complete it until Fertilization

Embryology (9 decks)

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