OnlineMedEd: Pediatrics - "Congenital Defects"

Question 1

What is a scaphoid abdomen?

Answer 1

Most babies have a protuberant belly. In those with a diaphragmatic hernia, the belly sucks in (because the intestines are in the thorax).

Question 2

List the two treatments for diaphragmatic hernia.

Answer 2

• Surgery to place the intestines back in the abdomen and close the hole in the diaphragm
• Surfactant to promote lung opening

Question 3

In terms of positioning on the abdomen, how can you differentiate omphalocele and gastroschisis?

Answer 3

Omphaloceles are midline. Gastroschisis presents with right-shifted viscera.

Question 4

Omphaloceles and gastroschisis are both treated with ________________.

Answer 4

silos: putting a sterile tower over the baby and gradually twisting the intestines back in

Question 5

________________ might be described as a midline mass/lesion that is red and shiny.

Answer 5

Extrophy of the bladder

It is shiny because the urine makes it wet.

Question 6

Those with biliary atresia present with a worsening jaundice at about _______________.

Answer 6

two weeks

Question 7

List the two diagnostics that can help detect biliary atresia.

Answer 7

• Ultrasound

* HIDA scan after one week of phenobarbital (which stimulates bile secretion)

Question 8

When are cleft lips and cleft palates fixed?

Answer 8

• Lip: 11-12 weeks

* Palate: 11-12 months