Online Quiz questions

Question 1

An important aspect of instrumental conditioning is that

a) there are no limitations on the types of new response dimensions that may be modified by instrumental conditioning.
b) there are no limitations on the types of new behavioral units that may be modified by instrumental conditioning.
c) relevance relations occur in instrumental conditioning.
d) the type of behavior that develops does not depend on reinforcer characteristics.

Answer 1

c

Question 2

The relative rate of responding to key “B” is 0.6. According to the matching law, the relative rate of reinforcement on key “B” is very likely _____.

a) 6
b) 0.6
c) 4
d) 0.4

Answer 2

b)

Question 3

A major contribution of the Premack principle is that

a) it focused attention on the homeostatic mechanisms of behavior.
b) it encouraged thinking about reinforcers as responses.
c) it began the discussion of neural mechanisms of reinforcement.
d) it challenged drive reduction theory by focusing attention on sensory reinforcement.

Answer 3

b)

Question 4

If a ratio requirement is increased from an FR 100 schedule to an FR 500 schedule, the subject will often pause periodically before completion of the ratio requirement. These pauses are due to

a) the post-reinforcement pause.
b) the ratio strain.
c) the ratio run.
d) the interval scallop.

Answer 4

b)

Question 5

A concurrent schedule of reinforcement is used to investigate

a) PREE.
b) choice behavior.
c) frustrative aggression.
d) frustration theory.

Answer 5

b)

Question 6

A negative contingency between a response and an appetitive stimulus is also known as

a) positive reinforcement.
b) negative reinforcement.
c) punishment.
d) omission training.

Answer 6

d)

Question 7

The findings from Pavlovian instrumental transfer experiments generally support

a) the Hull-Spence rg-sg mechanism.
b) reward-specific expectancy theory.
c) the modern two-process theory.
d) SOP and AESOP theories.

Answer 7

c)

Question 8

In a study of self-control, you predict that pigeons will be more likely to choose a small reward over a large reward if

a) there is a long delay for the small reward and a short delay for the large reward
b) there is a delay only for the small reward
c) there is a long delay for both the large and small reward
d) there is no delay for the small reward and a short delay for the large reward

Answer 8

d)

Question 9

the relative rate of responding on key “A” is determined by the equation

a) Ra - Rb
b) Rb/Ra
c) Ra(Ra + Rb)
d) Ra/(Ra - Rb)

Answer 9

c)

Question 10

which of the following is typical of a discrete trial procedure?

a) a hungry rat makes a choice between plain food and food enhanced w/ a sweetener in a T-maze
b) a monkey pushes a lever o to watch an electric train
c) a thirsty pigeon pecks a key to gain access to water
d) a hungry rat moves a rod to earn a food pellet

Answer 10

a)

Question 11

ratio schedules of reinforcement are based on ___, while interval schedules of reinforcement are based on ___.

a) time; amounts of reinforcers
b) time; responses
c) responses; reinforcers
d) responses; time

Answer 11

d)

Question 12

Reggie likes to play basketball but dislikes cleaning his room. Using Premack’s principle, how should Reggie’s parents get him to clean his room?

a) they should let him play basketball first, then clean his room
b) they should punish Reggie when he plays basketball until he cleans his room
c) they should punish Reggie for playing basketball then cleaning his room
d) they should have him clean his room before his is allowed to play basketball

Answer 12

d)

Question 13

Which of the following is not a conditioned reinforcer?

a) giving gold stars to someone
b) keeping someone warm
c) telling someone “that’s the way”
d) giving a good grade to someone

Answer 13

b)

Question 14

according to melioration theories of matching

a) organisms always choose whichever response alternative is most likely to be reinforced at that time
b) organisms focus on aggregates of responses between two keys over a time period
c) the local rate of response is calculated over just the time the organism devotes to that particular behaviour
d) organisms distribute their responses so as to maximize the amount of reinforcement they receive over the long run

Answer 14

c)

Question 15

according to molar maximizing theories of matching
a) organisms always choose whichever response alternative is most likely to be reinforced at that time
b) organisms change from
one response to another to improve on the local rate of reinforcement
c) the local rate of response is calculated over just the time the organism devotes to that particular behavior
d) organisms distribute their responses so as to maximize the amount of reinforcement they receive over the long run

Answer 15

d)

Question 16

graduate students are barely given enough money to buy noodle soup. When they finish their degrees they jump at the chance to work for a university for pauper’s wages. The universities are able to keep the salaries low and still have plenty of applicants because of

a) positive contrast
b) negative contrast
c) simultaneous contrast
d) stereotypic contrast

Answer 16

a)

Question 17

according to Berridge and Robinson

a) liking is related to the unconscious motivation to obtain a reward
b) likely is related to the hedonic state elicited by a reward
c) liking encodes the subjects diver to consume a reward
d) liking encodes the subjects drive to obtain a reward

Answer 17

b)

Question 18

Dave the Druid makes

Answer 18

c)

Question 19

which of the following is the focus

Answer 19

d)

Question 20

bob was washing dishes

Answer 20

a)

Question 21

the technique(s) that can be used to increase

Answer 21

d)

Question 22

the orbitofrotnal cortex

Answer 22

d)

Question 23

a pigeon receives reinforcement

Answer 23

c)

Question 24

concurrent schedules

Answer 24

a)

Question 25

one contribution of the response

Answer 25

b)