Online Exam Q&A

Question 1

What is the immediate response to injury

Answer 1

Blood vessels disrupted, immediate but very transient vasoconstriction of local arterioles to slow blood flow and prevent excess blood loss

Question 2

What happens during the inflammatory response

Answer 2

Decreased blood flow, decreased O2 supply to tissues, cell necrosis, release of powerful enzymes from lyosomes such as histamine and serotonin, increased vasodilation in local capillary bed.

Question 3

What are the 5 cardinal signs

Answer 3

Heat, redness, pain, swelling, loss of function

Question 4

Characteristics of neutrophils

Answer 4

Works at low O2 levels, appear after 90 mins, lifespan of 10 hours, attracted to area by chemotaxis

Question 5

Characteristics of macrophages

Answer 5

About 5 hours post injury, arrive in vast numbers, lifespan of 40 hours, act on larger debris

Question 6

What does phagocytosis help to do

Answer 6

To clear damaged tissue area of debris like dead cells

Question 7

What’s the proper name for capillary budding and what does it do

Answer 7

Angiogenesis

Brings O2 and nutrients to area

Question 8

Characteristics of granular tissue

Answer 8

Looks granular
Capillaries easily broken
Has highly permeable walls which allow fluids,plasma proteins and cells to leak out
Allows O2 to diffuse out into local tissue

Question 9

What do fibroblasts and fibroclasts do?

Answer 9

Fibroblasts create new tissue

Fibroclasts break it down

Question 10

What are main things to happen in the remodelling stage?

Timeframe
Fibroblasts activity
Collagen fibres

Answer 10

May last 12/12
Fibroblasts activity decreases
Collagen fibres mature and thicken

Question 11

What are the rough timings for
Inflammatory phase
Repair phase
Remodelling phase

Answer 11

0-72 hrs
24hrs-10 days
Few days to 12/12

Question 12

Signs of ringworm

Answer 12

Small ring like red scaly itchy patch of skin

Question 13

Signs of athletes foot

Answer 13

Warm humid dark conditions

Foot burns and is itchy dry

Question 14

Signs of jock itch

Answer 14

Dumb and tight clothing

More common in males

Question 15

Signs of swimmers itch

Answer 15

Rash is itchy and raises lumps within 12 hrs

Question 16

Signs for eczema and dermatitis

Answer 16

Caused by irritant or allergen
Red itchy scaly skin
Avoid emollient

Question 17

What does SCALD stand for in relation to burns

Answer 17

S-ize 
C-ause 
A-ge 
L-ocation 
D-epth

Question 18

What is hypertension

Signs and symptoms

Answer 18

High blood pressure
Above 140 diastolic over 90 systolic

Shortness of breath, headache
Swelling of ankles
Sweating

Question 19

5 complications of high blood pressure 
A
S
H
K
V

Answer 19

Atherosclerosis 
Stroke
Heart failure
Kidney disease 
Vision problems

Question 20

Sudden cardiac death-

Relates to which other heart condition

Answer 20

Relates to arythmia

Left. Entry cal doesn’t have time to fill- reduces the amount of blood being delivered to organs

Question 21

Types of Angina and what is it

Answer 21

Stable- partial block of the artery

Unstable- blood clot that blocks or partially blocks the artery supplying the heart

Question 22

Shock s&s

Answer 22

Pale and cool skin
Nausea 
Increase in HR
Increase in breathing rate
Drop in Bp- late stage

Question 23

What are the 3 main types of shock and their characteristics

Hyo
Ana
Neur

Answer 23

Hyovolemic- from revere blood and fluid loss
Anaphylactic- allergic reaction
Neurogenic- loss of automatic nervous system or fear

Question 24

Definitions for breathing
Bradpnea
Cyanosis 
Hyperventilate 
Hypoventolate
Hypoxia
Hypoxaemia
Tachypnoea

Answer 24

Bradpnea- less than 12 breaths per min
Cyanosis- discolouration of skin due to lack of oxygen to blood
Hyperventilate-deep and rapid ventilation
Hypoventolate- shallow and slow breathing
Hypoxia- inadequate O2 levels in cells
Hypoxaemia- low O2 levels in blood
Tachypnoea- more than 20 breaths per min

Question 25

What do inhalers prevent

Answer 25

Reduce the chronic inflammation, taken every day, reduce long term inflammation

Question 26

What is pneumothorax

Answer 26

Air is trapped between lung and chest wall