Online Considerations Flashcards
Chen, S.-Y., Wathen, C., & Speciale, M. (2020). Online Clinical Training in the Virtual Remote Environment: Challenges, Opportunities, and Solutions. The Professional Counselor, 10(1), 78–91. https://doi.org/10.15241/syc.10.1.78
(Chen et al., 2020)
online programs growing in popularity, but have not grown in evidence based practice at the same rate
CACREP accredits online programs, therefore is supported in the field
large increase in online accredited programs in short time 2012- 5, 2019- 55 programs
equity issues- online allows opportunities for individuals to pursue grad work that might otherwise be unable to do so
clinical skills training was efficacious online and in-person (Murdock 2012)
similarly no differences found in supervision (satisfaction, effectiveness, and relationship) Bender and Dykman 2016
synchronous video is better for modeling and observing interpersonal counseling skills
critical to assess skill-based activities prior to advancing to field placement
classroom safety- discussing confidentiality and limits, expectations for space, using headphones if needed etc.
Use breakout rooms for role plays, can give feedback immediately
online counseling skills practice systems also effective
microbehaviors can be difficult to observe, both for counseling skills as well as assessment of comfort with multicultural topics for example
Group class online- breakout rooms, rotating student-led groups, not therapy groups but process groups ethically
- clear expectations about background, attention, awareness of internet/technology issues
child/adolescent course- video issues with play (where to put camera when there is movement vs. up close for art processing)
Prac/Internship group supervision- could include a wider variety of cultures, contexts, regions to consider, licensure and site requriements may vary across states, can be difficult to give/receive feedback on nonverbal bhx
Does not address providing telehealth services
Haddock, L., Cannon, K., & Grey, E. (2020). A Comparative Analysis of Traditional and Online Counselor Training Program Delivery and Instruction. The Professional Counselor, 10(1), 92–105. https://doi.org/10.15241/lh.10.1.92
(Haddock et al., 2020)
Support for online delivery although different teaching methods are needed (Cicco, 2013a)
online programs have greater diversity from underrepresented populations (Buzwell et al., 2016)
online have higher attrition rates, possibly due to lack of connection between peers and faculty and insufficient learning community
intentional, personalized interactions are needed, persistently promote student engagement in online classroom
technology is a tool like any other that requires skillful application to promote effective learning
synchronous components are necessary to prepare CITs, and this requirement is met through CACREP accrediitation of prac and internship
teacher centered vs subject-centered learning
subject-centered is developed by a team, allows for scaffolding across the program, consistency across sections, instructor does not develop but is tasked with bringing course to life
programs need to account for technology changes, CACREP is behind, only 5 standards related to technology, while all 50 states have laws related to telehealth
not all students are a fit for all program types, self-regulated learner more suited to greater amounts of asynchronous learning
skill and disposition assessment critical to counselor training programs
stronger need for well-developed relationships in providing feedback on skills
residency model for skill-specific training
disposition assessment is required in CACREP standards, but no dispositional competencies are exist, judgment call
- can use Counseling Competency Scale
Residency or synchronous activities are necessary for assessing dispositional issues
- assignments created or role plays used to challenge CITs
cyber incivility- interpersonal violations in email/other online communication; may be more likely to happen online than face-to-face in a faculty’s office for example
Gatekeeping- across all programs, need to have transparent process, clearly communicated, that students can respond to
4 phases to gatekeeping recommended: preadmission screening, postadmission screening- ongoing assessment, remediation plan, and remediation outcome
as many as 10% of students may be ill-suited for the profession (Brown-Rice & Furr, 2016) ??
Many online programs have broad admissions policies, requiring more faculty and time in the later phases of remediation
online programs need to be more overt with gatekeeping messages, given limited synchronous time
Similar lack of connection requires faculty to be more vigilant in documenting possible concerns
Lyford, C. (2017). Ethics and the rise of text therapy. Psychotherapy Networker, 41(5), 13–15.
(Lyford, 2017)
Talkspace model is text-based, daily check-ins and communicate only by text, higher plan tiers get more texts and up to 30 min video calls
pitched to therapsits as a way to generate income, scheduling flexibility, and access for cts
uptick in users on Talkspace most pronounced in women and minority users
Talkspace is a “platform” and does not offer therapy, putting it outside some regulation controls
clinicians are entirely liable if clients take legal action, and may not be covered by liability insurance
Per disgruntled employees, Talkspace refused to provide client contact info when therapists attempted to report dangerous behavior
employees monitored interactions for quality control
Yalom likes it, “it is not the same os therapy offered in face to face encounters but still has value
Kate Anthony of Online therapy institute, when a therapist is trained in proper text therapy protocol, not necessary to augment with in-person sessions
counseling getting left behind in technology
Goldkind, L., & Wolf, L. (2020). Selling Your Soul on the Information Superhighway: Consenting to Services in Direct-to-Consumer Tele-Mental Health. Families in Society, 101(1), 6–20. https://doi.org/10.1177/1044389419872125
(Goldkind and Wolf, 2020)
Surge in telemental health services; TMH blanket term for any SMS, email, vidoe based online counseling
the Human Rights Framework is an ethical model that articulates values in terms of inalienable human rights including dignity, nondiscrimination, transparency, accountability and participation.
Terms of service are legal contracts designed to limit corporate liabilty and are requried for ct’s to accept in order to make contact with a therapist. “an ethically awkward preamble to therapeutic treatment.”
ToS are distinct from (opposed) process of consent
TMH is increasingly integral to landscape of mental health services in US. Provides access to care for populations unable/unlikely to seek services
Recommends obtaining appropriate training and considering implications
TMH are complex, relying on invisible chain of hardware and software to deliver communication, on any platform. Must be trustworthy
In direct contrast with their claims, TMH platforms require consumers to release them of responsibility for the therapy delivered.
private TMH companies are reflective of the current state us mental health care in US, symptom of the problem
Study used ToS in current use by a private vendor of online TMH services (analysis found all platforms virtually the same ToS), participants read Tos and then responded to Human Rights scale questionnaire
Individuals with prior experience in mental health treatment, and those with higher levels of education, and were employed were more likely to see an inverse relationship between the terms of service agreement and the Human Rights scale.
Most vulnerable populations are at risk of agreeing to terms that may not uphold their rights.
Several participants were compelled to communicate with authors “offline” to offer feedback
One participant advised the ToS were outside the scope of understanding of the general person seeking services, and even guessed that the ToS used were exaggerated as part of the study
Service model imported from internet economy is not a fit for mental health care. In fact those seeking services are potentially more vulnerable and therefore should be afforded higher levels of protection and privacy.
Murdock, J. L., & Williams, A. M. (2011). Creating an Online Learning Community: Is it Possible? Innovative Higher Education, 36(5), 305–315. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10755-011-9188-6
Murdock and Williams 2011
Learning community is essential for online learning
Fastest and deepest learning occurs in dynamic learning community connecting between teacher student and subject
Study compared between two sections of same course.
Self report scale on learning community
No difference in perceptions of learning community between online and in person.
Instructor role was more important on online setting to facilitate learning community development.
Creating online community is possible and may need innovative and intentional techniques
Recommend 9 things: like encourage students to take leadership roles, constructive feedback is welcomed and solicited, assignments that encourage collaboration among students, assignments that encourage active learning, encourage students to share personal experience.
(Snow and Coker, 2020)
Snow, W. H., & Coker, J. K. (2020). Distance Counselor Education: Past, Present, Future. The Professional Counselor, 10(1), 40–56. https://doi.org/10.15241/whs.10.1.40
Distance counseling past present future
Over 25% counseling students enrolled in distance program
69 Cacrep programs
Enhances access rural, disability, with jobs, caregivers
Future is here, Ce needs to keep up in pedagogy
90% counseling programs at least have some residency requirement even if distance learning
Regular and substantive interaction between faculty and students. This promotes learning.
Use this as the bar as opposed to distance vs in person.
Hybrid students have best outcomes. Have telehealth practice and residential benefits for core skills
Balance content, pedagogy, and technology
Equity issues exist for distance edu too. Disability accessibility issues. Private and confidential Space with secure wifi
Online education is here to stay and has shown good outcomes
