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3ayeeeee > One last push > Flashcards

One last push Flashcards

1
Q

What are Thrombolysis contraindications

A
  • ICP neoplasm
  • Active bleeding
  • GI bleeding within 3 weeks
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2
Q

How do triptans work ?

A
  • 5-HT agonists
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3
Q

What are contraindications for triptans ?

A
  • IHD
  • Cerebrovascular disease
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4
Q
  1. What are common side effects of triptans ?
A
  • Flushing
  • Chest and throat tightness
  • Tingling
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5
Q
  1. What is ALL ?
A
  • Acute lymphoblastic leukaemia
  • The most common malignancy in children
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6
Q
  1. ALL features that suggest bone marrow failure
A
  • Anaemia – lethargy and pallor
  • Neutropenia – frequent or severe infection
  • Thrombocytopenia: easy bruising, petechiae
  • Bone pain
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7
Q
  1. Other features of ALL
A
  • Bone pain
  • Splenomegaly
  • Hepatomegaly
  • Fever
  • Testicular swelling
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8
Q
  1. Types of ALL
A
  • Common ALL (75%) CD10 present, pre-B phenotype
  • T-cell ALL (20%)
  • B-cell ALL (5%)
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9
Q
  1. Poor prognostic factors of ALL
A
  • Age <2 or > 10 years
  • EBC > 20*10(9)/l at diagnosis
  • T or B cell surface markers
  • Non-Caucasian
  • Male sex
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10
Q
  1. When is jaundice pathological in a newborn ?
A
  • First 24 hours
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11
Q
  1. Causes of pathological jaundice
A
  • Rhesus haemolytic disease
  • ABO haemolytic disease
  • Glucose-6-phosphodehydrogenase
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12
Q
  1. What could jaundice developing between 2-14 days be ?
A
  • Physiological
  • More fragile red blood cells
  • Less developed liver function
  • More common in breastfed babies
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13
Q
  1. When does jaundice become prolonged ?
A
  • 14 days in term
  • 21 days in preterm
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14
Q
  1. Prolonged jaundice investigations
A
  • Conjugated and unconjugated bilirubin
  • Coomb’s test
  • TFTs
  • FBC and blood film
  • Urine
  • U&E and LFTs
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15
Q
  1. Causes of prolonged jaundice
A
  • Biliary atresia
  • Breast milk jaundice
  • Prematurity
  • Congenital infection
  • UTI
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16
Q
  1. What is a big worry with jaundice in newborns ?
A
  • Kernicterus
  • Bilirubin levels so high it becomes neurotoxic
17
Q
  1. Surgical management of biliary atresia
A
  • Kasai procedure
18
Q
  1. What causes bronchiolitis ?
A
  • MCC RSV
  • Adenovirus
19
Q
  1. Features of Bronchiolitis
A
  • Coryzal symptoms and fever precede
  • Dry cough
  • Increasing breathlessness
  • Wheezing with find inspiratory crackles
  • Feeding difficulties
20
Q
  1. Call 999 if
A
  • Apnoea
  • Child looks unwell to a HCP
  • RR of more than 70
  • Grunting or marked chest recession
  • Central cyanosis
  • Oxygen sats below 92%
21
Q
  1. Bronchiolitis investigate
A
  • Immunofluorescence of nasopharyngeal secretions which will show RSV
22
Q
  1. Management of bronchiolitis
A
  • Humidified oxygen given via a headbox if below 92%
    NG feeding if child cannot take enough fluid
  • Suction for upper airway secretions
23
Q
  1. When is it more likely viral induced wheeze than asthma ?
A
  • Presenting before 3
  • No atopic history
  • Only occurs during viral infections
24
Q
  1. What are fibroids ?
A
  • Benign smooth muscle tumours of the uterus
  • Develop in response to oestrogen
25
Q
  1. Features of symptomatic fibroids ?
A
  • Menorrhagia
  • Bulk related symptoms  Lower abdominal pain, cramping pains
  • Bloating and urinary symptoms
  • Subfertility
26
Q
  1. Diagnosis of fibroids
A
  • Transvaginal ultrasound
27
Q
  1. Management of symptomatic fibroids (typically menorrhagia
A
  • Levonorgestrel intrauterine system
  • NSAIDs e.g. mefenamic acid
  • Tranexamic acid
  • COCP
  • Oral progesterone
  • Injectable progesterone
28
Q
  1. Treatment to remove or shrink fibroids
A
  • GnRH agonists
  • Surgical – myomectomy
  • Hysteroscopic endometrial ablation
  • Uterine artery embolization
29
Q
  1. Endometriosis
A
  • The growth of ectopic endometrial tissue outside the uterine cavity
30
Q
  1. Features of endometriosis
A
  • Chronic pelvic pain
  • Secondary dysmenorrhea – pain starts days before bleeding
  • Deep dyspareunia
  • Subfertility
31
Q
  1. Gold standard investigations
A
  • Laparoscopy is gold standard
32
Q
  1. Management of endometriosis
A
  • NSAIDs or paracetamol 1st line
  • COCP or progesterone’s
33
Q
  1. Paed UTI management
A
  • Less than 3 months then admit
  • More than 3 months with upper UTI should be considered or given cephalosporin or co-amoxiclav 7-10 days
  • More than 3 months and lower UTI then trimethoprim
  • Bring back if still unwell 24-48 hours
34
Q
  1. Pathophysiology of VUR
A
  • Ureters are displaced laterally entering the bladder in a more perpendicular fashion than at an angle
  • Therefore shorter intramural course of the ureter
  • Vesicoureteric junction cannot therefore function adequately
35
Q
  1. Vesicoureteric Reflux investigations
A
  • Micturating cystourethrogram
  • DMSA scan can look for scaring

3ayeeeee (12 decks)

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