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3.1 > Oncopathology: Molecular Basis of Cancer 1 > Flashcards

Oncopathology: Molecular Basis of Cancer 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Etiology of cancer

A

1-Environmental
2-familial

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2
Q

PRECURSOR LESION LEADING TO CANCER

A

They are not cancer, but they are one stage before cancer. If a person doesn
’t take care, it will
go for cancer.

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3
Q

POINT MUTATION

A

lose or gain of One base of the DNA.
The gene cannot function properly (the gene maybe high active or less active)

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4
Q

Point notation More active

A

RAS over expressed

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5
Q

Less active

A

Tp53 inactive

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6
Q

Environmental causes of cancer?

A

Physical
Chemical
Biological
Precursors

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7
Q

It’s a cancer etiology and has a very small role

A

Familial cause

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8
Q

PHYSICAL -RADIATION

A

X-rays •UV rays of sunlight gamma rays

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9
Q

X-ray mechanism

A

X-rays -DNA break/translocation/point mutation

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10
Q

Ex of PHYSICAL -RADIATION cancer

A

Ex: Squamous cell carcinoma, melanoma.

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11
Q

Biological Causes

A

Bacteria
Viruses

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12
Q

Example of bacteria causing cancer

A

H Pylori

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13
Q

Example of cancers that cause by H pylori bacteria

A

adenocarcinoma & Lymphoma

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14
Q

How H pylori cause cancer?

A

Because it’s causing Chronic inflammation so we need more cells division
which leads to high chances for mutations and less
time to repair any damage causing cancer.

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15
Q

Viruses

A

•RNA Virus HTLV

•DNA Virus HPV, EBV, KSHV, HBV, polyomavirus

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16
Q

Pathogenesis is chinflammation

A

•Chin inflammation Cause proliferation -
Mutations in the cells -
risk of a ca.

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17
Q

Cystitis

A

Urinary bladder cancer

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18
Q

Cystitis urinary bladder cancer cause by

A

Schistosomiasis

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19
Q

Osteomyelitis (sinus carcinoma) caused by

A

Bacterial infection (also lymphoma and adenocarcinoma)

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20
Q

Chemical carcinogens

A

1-INITIATORS (Mutagenic)
Direct and indirect acting
2-promoter (forced proliferation)

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21
Q

: It is not toxic itself but will be converted into
another toxic product by body enzymes
“like aprotoxin and nitrates
”

A

Initiators

22
Q

: It can directly cause damage to the DNA and cause
cancer. And it directly acts.

A

Initiators direct acting

23
Q

it does not cause mutation. only stimulates the cell to divide, then Excessive division leads to high chances for mutations and less time to repair any damage causing cancer.

A

•Phenols, estrogen

By Stimulates proliferation of mutated cells –Risk of Ca

24
Q

Cyclophosphamide directly cause skin tumor

A

Direct acting

25
Q

Aflatoxin B1 , Nitrites

A

Indirect acting

26
Q

Liver flukes cause which type of cancer

A

Cholangitis (choloangio carinoma)

27
Q

Alcoholism cause which type of cancer

A

Pancreatitis (pancreatic cancer)
اشرب كحول كثير تسبب لي انفلاميشن اسمه بانكرياتيتس مع الوقت يجيني بانكرياتك كارسينوما

28
Q

Bacteria and stones Causes which type of cancer and inflammation

A

Cholecystitis (gall bladder cancer

29
Q

Has tropism for CD4 Lymphocytes Causes leukemia/lymphoma By stimulating proliferation

A

Human T cell lymphotropicvirus 1

30
Q

its RNA will be converted to DNA and integrated
with human DNA -> increase cells proliferating which type of viruses

A

RNA VIRUS HTLV -1

31
Q

DNA VIRUS (5)

A

1.Human Papilloma virus (HPV)
2.Epstein Barr virus (EBV)
3.Kaposi sarcoma herpesvirus(KSHV)
4.Hepatitis B virus (HBV)
5. Polyomavirus

32
Q

Leads to cervical cancer as well as pharynx “

A

1.Human Papilloma virus (HPV)

33
Q

Hpv16 , hpv18 –Ca of cervix & pharynx how?

A

1-Secrets E6. E7 proteins
2-E6 –degrade P53, DNA
3-E7 acts on gene products

34
Q

Can prevented by vaccination

A

Hpv16,hpv18

35
Q

Stimulates proliferation of
BL -Burkittlymphoma
Others Hodgkin lymphoma , Nasopharyngialcarcinoma,
Gastric carcinoma,
B cell Lymphomas,
T cell and NK cell tumors etc

A

EPSTEIN BARR VIRUS

36
Q

Liver cancer caused by which virus

A

Hbv hcv

37
Q

human herpesvirus-8 (HHV-8). Athoer name

A

KAPOSI SARCOMA HERPESVIRUS (KSHV)

38
Q

There features in herpes

A

A vascular tumor
In HIV patients
Organ transplant

39
Q

Ca IS ENVIRONMENT OR FAMILIAL known is

A

Families with Le-fraumeni syndrome

40
Q

Ca IS ENVIRONMENT OR FAMILIAL

A

Mutation of tumor suppressor gene
Enzymes cytochrome P-450

41
Q

Types of PRECURSOR LESION LEADING TO CANCER

A

Squamous metaplasia –Ca lung

Endometrial hyperplasia –Ca

Leukoplakia –SCC:

42
Q

They are not cancer, but they are one stage before cancer. If a person doesn
’t take care, it will
go for cancer.

A

Precursor

43
Q

bronchial lining Epithelial cells will be converted from columnar to squamous (because of smoking)

A

Squamous metaplasia. A

44
Q

Secreting of which Hermon leads to Endometrial hyperplasia

A

Estrogen in polycystic ovary

45
Q

Over secretion of Estrogen effects

A

Endometrium is becoming thick, hyperplastic with cysts, there will be more proliferation of the cell. If proper treatment is not taken,
this may long term lead to cancer

46
Q

white patches in tung with people smoke or chow tobacco

A

Leukoplakia

47
Q

If Leukoplakia not treated will cause

A

Squamous cell carcinoma
Adenoma colon
Rare in other tumor

48
Q

What is cancer

A

abnormal growth In a single cell with >20,000 mutations by
Radiation
Chemicals
Biological agents
Inherited

49
Q

•GENES MUTATED ARE 4

A

Proto-oncogene
Tumor suppressor gene
Apoptotic gene
Immune /DNA repair gene

50
Q

•GENETIC LESION

A

1-Point mutation

2-Aneuploidy

3-Structural abnormalities
1-Balanced translocation
2-Deletion
Gene Amplification
•Micro RNA
•Epigenetic modifications

51
Q

•GENETIC LESION

A

1-Point mutation

2-Aneuploidy

3-Structural abnormalities
1-Balanced translocation
2-Deletion
Gene Amplification
•Micro RNA
•Epigenetic modifications

3.1 (3 decks)

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