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3.1 > Epidemiology of Cancer > Flashcards

Epidemiology of Cancer Flashcards

1
Q

Cancer

A

A group of diseases characterized by:
– Abnormally rapid and un-controlled growth of cells.
– Ability to invade adjacent/distant tissues and organs.
– Ultimate death of the patient, if tumor has progressed to an advanced stage.

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2
Q

Occurrence of unusual number of Cancer cases in a:- (a) Group of people or
(b) Geographical area or
(c) Period of time

A

Cancer cluster

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3
Q

When we cal cancer cluster a true cluster?

A

Unusual Age group, that is not usually effected by that type of Cancer.
Rare type of Cancer, rather than the common types. One type of a Cancer rather than several different types.

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4
Q

The most common new cases were (incidence) globally

A

بلك بس
breast (2.26 million);
- lung (2.21 million);
- colon and rectum (1.93 million);
- prostate (1.41 million);
- skin (WnoHnO-2m024e,lhattnpso:/m/wwaw).w(1ho..2in0t/nmewisl-rloiomn/f)a;ctashneedts/det

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5
Q

The most common causes of cancer death in 2020 were:

A

lung (1.80 million);
- colon and rectum (916 000 );
.يجري التحميل - liver (830 000);
- stomach (769 000 ); and
- breast

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6
Q

Incidence male globally

A

Lung

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7
Q

Mortality male

A

Lung

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8
Q

Incidence + mortality female globally

A

Breast

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9
Q

Top 3 ranked cases female ksa

A

Breast
Thyroid
Colorectum

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10
Q

Top 3 ranked by death female ksa

A

Breast
Colorectum
Leukemia

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11
Q

Top 3 leading cancers ranked by cases (male)

A

Colorectum
NHL
Lung

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12
Q

Top 3 leading cancers ranked by death (male) ksa + both six

A

Colorectum
Liver
Lung

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13
Q

Top 3 leading cancers (ranked by cases) both sexes

A

Breast
Colorectum
Thyroid

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14
Q

Risk Factors

A

PHYSICAL AGENTS:

CHEMICAL AGENTS

BIOLOGICAL AGENTS:

Dietary Factors:-

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15
Q

Obesity:- Is associated with which type of cancer?

A

Endometrial Cancer
(b) Breast Cancer
(c) Cancers of the Colon, Kidney, and Gallbladder

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16
Q

CAs with familial inheritance

A

Retinoblastomas.
(b) Neurofibromatosis.
(c) Breast CA.
(d) Ovarian and
Endometrial CAs.
(e) Colorectal CA.
(f) Stomach (g) Prostate CA,

17
Q

Genetic Predisposition, radiation exposure, alcohol, Obesity it’s leading risk factor for which type of cancer

A

Breast

18
Q

HPV it’s leading risk factors for which type of cancer ?

A

Cervical

19
Q

Diet high in red meat low in fiber; alcohol
it’s leading risk factors for which type of cancer ?

A

Colorectal

20
Q

HB virus; HC virus; Schistosomiasis, alcohol
it’s leading risk factors for which type of cancer ?

A

Liver

21
Q

it’s leading risk factors for which type of cancer ?
Tobacco use, asbestosis exposure, air pollution

A

Lung

22
Q

Pancreatic risk factors

A

Alchohol obesity

23
Q

Skin risk factors

A

UVA/UVB exposure

24
Q

Cancer risk can be reduced by

A

not using tobacco;
• maintaining a healthy body weight;
• eating a healthy diet, including fruit and vegetables;
• doing physical activity on a regular basis;
• avoiding or reducing consumption of alcohol;
• getting vaccinated against HPV and hepatitis B;
• avoiding ultraviolet radiation exposure
• ensuring safe and appropriate use of radiation in health care;
• minimizing occupational exposure to ionizing radiation; and
• reducing exposure to outdoor air pollution and indoor air pollution,

25
Q

Early Warning Signs of Cancer

A

A lump / hard area in the Breast.
• A swelling / sore / ulcer that does not heal. • Change in a wart or mole.
• Blood loss from any natural orifice.
• Menorrhagia / Irregular menses.
• Persistent Cough or Hoarseness.
• Persistent change in bowel habits.
• Unexplained weight loss.

26
Q

How to reduce the Cancer Burdon

A

Between 30–50% of cancers can currently be prevented by
– avoiding risk factors and
– implementing existing evidence-based prevention
strategies.

27
Q

The cancer burden can also be reduced through

A

early detection of cancer and
– management of patients who develop cancer. Many cancers have a high chance of cure if diagnosed early and treated adequately.

28
Q

Prevention Strategies

A

Primordial Prevention

Primary Prevention:
Awareness – Vaccination – Others
• control occupational hazards;
• reduce exposure to ultraviolet radiation; • reduce exposure to ionizing radiation

Secondary Prevention : screening + prompt treatment
Tertiary Prevention:palliative care

3.1 (3 decks)

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