Epidemiology of Cancer Flashcards
Cancer
A group of diseases characterized by:
– Abnormally rapid and un-controlled growth of cells.
– Ability to invade adjacent/distant tissues and organs.
– Ultimate death of the patient, if tumor has progressed to an advanced stage.
Occurrence of unusual number of Cancer cases in a:- (a) Group of people or
(b) Geographical area or
(c) Period of time
Cancer cluster
When we cal cancer cluster a true cluster?
Unusual Age group, that is not usually effected by that type of Cancer.
Rare type of Cancer, rather than the common types. One type of a Cancer rather than several different types.
The most common new cases were (incidence) globally
بلك بس
breast (2.26 million);
- lung (2.21 million);
- colon and rectum (1.93 million);
- prostate (1.41 million);
- skin (WnoHnO-2m024e,lhattnpso:/m/wwaw).w(1ho..2in0t/nmewisl-rloiomn/f)a;ctashneedts/det
The most common causes of cancer death in 2020 were:
lung (1.80 million);
- colon and rectum (916 000 );
.يجري التحميل - liver (830 000);
- stomach (769 000 ); and
- breast
Incidence male globally
Lung
Mortality male
Lung
Incidence + mortality female globally
Breast
Top 3 ranked cases female ksa
Breast
Thyroid
Colorectum
Top 3 ranked by death female ksa
Breast
Colorectum
Leukemia
Top 3 leading cancers ranked by cases (male)
Colorectum
NHL
Lung
Top 3 leading cancers ranked by death (male) ksa + both six
Colorectum
Liver
Lung
Top 3 leading cancers (ranked by cases) both sexes
Breast
Colorectum
Thyroid
Risk Factors
PHYSICAL AGENTS:
CHEMICAL AGENTS
BIOLOGICAL AGENTS:
Dietary Factors:-
Obesity:- Is associated with which type of cancer?
Endometrial Cancer
(b) Breast Cancer
(c) Cancers of the Colon, Kidney, and Gallbladder
CAs with familial inheritance
Retinoblastomas.
(b) Neurofibromatosis.
(c) Breast CA.
(d) Ovarian and
Endometrial CAs.
(e) Colorectal CA.
(f) Stomach (g) Prostate CA,
Genetic Predisposition, radiation exposure, alcohol, Obesity it’s leading risk factor for which type of cancer
Breast
HPV it’s leading risk factors for which type of cancer ?
Cervical
Diet high in red meat low in fiber; alcohol
it’s leading risk factors for which type of cancer ?
Colorectal
HB virus; HC virus; Schistosomiasis, alcohol
it’s leading risk factors for which type of cancer ?
Liver
it’s leading risk factors for which type of cancer ?
Tobacco use, asbestosis exposure, air pollution
Lung
Pancreatic risk factors
Alchohol obesity
Skin risk factors
UVA/UVB exposure
Cancer risk can be reduced by
not using tobacco;
• maintaining a healthy body weight;
• eating a healthy diet, including fruit and vegetables;
• doing physical activity on a regular basis;
• avoiding or reducing consumption of alcohol;
• getting vaccinated against HPV and hepatitis B;
• avoiding ultraviolet radiation exposure
• ensuring safe and appropriate use of radiation in health care;
• minimizing occupational exposure to ionizing radiation; and
• reducing exposure to outdoor air pollution and indoor air pollution,
