Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Integ Final > Oncology Rehab > Flashcards

Oncology Rehab Flashcards

1
Q

prevalence:

A

50%

1 in 6

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

cancer =

A

Abnormal cells within a tissue which proliferate in an uncontrolled manner

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Most cancers are named for the type of cell or organ in which they start ➔ ___

A

primary cancer

Breast, Lung, GI
Sarcoma – bone, muscle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Higher stage = ___ prognosis

A

worse

Stage IV = metastatic

If a cancer metastasizes, the new tumor bears the same name as the primary tumor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Cures =

A

Individual Cures — Sure
Rid the world of cancer —Probably Not

Heterogeneous

complex and varied nature of cancer, which makes finding a universal cure challenging

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

oncology challenge =

A

Cancer is common➔ ~2 million diagnosis per year in the US

Cancer is heterogeneous

> 17 million survivors and growing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

___ survivors in vermont

A

~40,000

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what causes cancer?

A

Tobacco smoking (35%)

Nutrition, Physical Inactivity, Obesity (40%)

Environmental & Industrial Exposures

Drug-induced (secondary neoplasms)

Viruses (EBV, Hepatitis B & C, HIV, HPV)

Genetic predisposition

Age

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Why are some cancers more common than the others?

A

Certain cell types more likely to acquire mutations

Cells which proliferate rapidly ➔ endothelial cells, fibroblasts, smooth ms cells

Sites of exposure to carcinogens

Skin
Lung
Breast
Colorectal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

age-adjusted death rates top 2 leading causes:

A

heart disease - 23.4%

cancer - 22%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

estimated new cancer cases - male

A

Prostate 19%
Lung/Bronchus 14%
Colon/rectum 9%
Urinary/Bladder 7%
Melanoma 6%
NH Lymphoma 5%
Kidney 5%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

estimated new cancer cases - female

A

Breast 30%
Lung/Bronchus 13%
Colon/rectum 7%
Uterus 7%
Thyroid 5%
NH Lymphoma 4%
Melanoma 4%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

estimated US cancer deaths - male

A

Lung/bronchus 26%
Prostate 9%
Colon/rectum 8%
Pancreas 7%
Liver/bile duct 6%
Leukemia 4%
Esophagus 4%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

estimated US cancer deaths - female

A

Lung/bronchus 25%
Breast 14%
Colon/rectum 8%
Pancreas 7%
Ovary 5%
Leukemia 4%
Uterus 4%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

concepts for decision making:

A

Multi modality treatment ➔ most but not all

Extent of disease

Type of cancer ➔ even within the same organ

Responsiveness to radiation or chemotherapy

Pathologic characteristics ➔ extent of mutation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

stages:

A

0 = carcinoma in situ - early form

1 = localized

2 = early locally advanced

3 = late locally advanced

4 = metastasized

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

small cell lung cancer (SCLC)

A

10-15% of lung cancers

classically, 3 subtypes

usually centrally located

more aggressive

staged as limited or extensive disease

treatment usually chemotherapy with or without radiation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC)

A

85-90% of lung cancers

many subtypes

centrally or peripherally located

can be fast or slow growing

stages using TNM staging

treatment is surgical, medical, or radiation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Seminoma testicular cancer

A

Localized: 70% present at stage 1

Mets: typically lymph nodes

Prognosis: extremely radiosensitive

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Non-Seminoma testicular cancer

A

Regional: 60% present at stage II or III

Mets: typically hematogenous

Prognosis: relatively radioresistant; poorer prognosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

treatment options: local control

A

Surgery➔ tumor removal for a variety of reasons

Radiation therapy ➔ adjuvant or neoadjuvant

22
Q

curable by surgery alone:

A

Melanoma
Pancreatic Cancer
Early Stage Lung or Colon
Renal Cell Carcinoma

Breast Cancer ➔ if early & with certain characteristics

23
Q

result of surgical and radiation interventions:

A

Impaired range of motion

Lymphedema

Impaired organ function

Fibrosis of tissue

Pulmonary/Cardiac Dysfunction

Cognitive change ➔ Radiation-induced cognitive decline

24
Q

recommendations:

A

Return to usual activity as soon as possible after surgery

Maintain exercise

Increase slowly

Pay attention to body signals

25
Lymphedema
arms legs neck Physical Therapy Treatment: - Exercise - Patient Education - Complete Decongestive Therapy
26
Risk of lymphedema:
Stronger Risk Factor: Extent of surgery Obesity Weak Risk Factor - Number of lymph nodes removed
27
CAUTION:
Start low and go slow Bandaging or Compression garments should be worn during exercise No BP on ipsilateral arm Skin Punctures = risk of skin infection
28
PT interventions: post surgery and radiation
Break up fibrotic tissue ADL Limb Volume Improving urinary incontinence Improve range of motion QoL
29
Cure➔
Eliminate cancer that might have escaped site of origin Adjuvant ➔ following first-line of treatment
30
Control➔
Decreasing size to make surgery easier Neoadjuvant➔ before the primary treatment
31
Palliative ➔
Control disease that is metastatic
32
chemotherapy cocktail:
Use drugs active against the specific disease Use drugs with non-overlapping toxicities Use drugs at optimum doses Use drugs at regular intervals (cycles) with minimal pauses for recovery from toxicity
33
physiologic result of systemic therapy:
Bone marrow suppression ➔ RBC, WBC, platelets *Anemia, neutropenia, thrombocytopenia Cardiotoxicity Pulmonary impairment Peripheral Neuropathy Sarcopenia Cognitive Dysfunction Endocrine Changes Bone Loss
34
chemotherapy translation to activity tolerance:
CON" group consistently demonstrates higher walking speeds than the "AST" group Chemotherapy often reduces exercise tolerance due to side effects such as fatigue, muscle weakness, and reduced endurance
35
symptom challenges of acute therapy:
Fatigue Nausea/Vomiting Deconditioning Infection
36
functional end result:
Loss of muscle mass Decreased strength Less endurance Overall decline ➔ physiologic reserve Less able to tolerate additional therapy **cancer speeds up this process
37
cancer treatment impacts that improve with rehab and exercise:
Fitness Strength Functional Ability Cancer Related Fatigue Range of Motion Lymphedema Weight gain Sarcopenia
38
effects of exercise in leukemia patients:
Muscular endurance increased Fatigue decreased Depression decreased It was safe **reduces side effects
39
Exercise post therapy associated w/ reduced:
Fatigue Shortness of breath Pain Depression
40
Exercise 6 months latter associated w/ reduced:
Sleep disturbance Memory problems Fatigue
41
physiologic benefits of exercise during treatment:
Increased lean tissue mass Increased VO2 max Decreased resting heart rate Improved training distance Increased upper and lower body strength Improved flexibility Higher physical functioning scores
42
QOL benefits of exercise during treatment:
Decreased fatigue Decreased nausea Improved sleep patterns Lower pain perception Less emotional and psychological distress Lower depression and anxiety
43
exercise caution:
Anemia: hemoglobin < 7 g/dL Fever ≥ 38 C Elevated blood pressure >200 SBP or >110 DBP Rapid heart rate >120bpm Desirable Ranges: Systolic >95 and < 180 Resting HR >50 and < 120 Careful use of resistance bands w/ thrombocytopenia & lymphedema
44
Persistent effects:
Began during chemotherapy, often worsen & don’t necessarily go away cancer-related-fatigue Most distressing symptom associated with cancer & its treatment Experienced by 70-100% Can last months to years
45
Late effects:
Develop months to years after treatment Cardiomyopathies Arrythmias Lung parenchyma change resulting from radiation ➔ fibrosis
46
cancer-related-fatigue
Persistent subjective sense of exhaustion related to cancer or cancer treatment that interferes with usual function Not relieved by rest or sleep Does not correspond to level of exertion More severe and distressing Disproportionate level of fatigue
47
exercise improves fatigue: direct mechanism
Muscle strength & endurance Cardiopulmonary fitness Dampened Inflammatory response Improved insulin function
48
exercise improves fatigue: indirect mechanism
Diminished anxiety and depression Improved sleep Improved cognition
49
exercise improves survival:
Breast Cancer: 30% lower risk of morality Prostate Cancer: 30% lower risk Colo-rectal Cancer: 50% lower risk Brain Tumors: 36% lower risk
50
why does exercise reduce cancer recurrence and mortality?
Decreased circulating hormone levels Decreased inflammation Improved insulin sensitivity Promotes weight loss/controls weight gain Helps maintain weight loss
51
physical activity among cancer survivors:
76.8% without cancer DID NOT meet recommendations of 150 min/week 95.5% cancer survivors DID NOT meet recommendations
52
limitations of FITT principles:
The majority of available literature is still in the most common cancers, namely, early-stage breast cancer and prostate cancers, which limits the ability to extrapolate their findings to other cancer types or advanced cancers

Integ Final (16 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions