Oncology Intro

Question 1

Paraneoplastic Effects

Answer 1

1. Hypercalcaemia - increased PTH
2. Hypoglycaeimia- increased insulin
3. Increased viscosity/Hyperglobinaeimia - increased antibody production
4. Gastric ulcers and vomiting - MCT histamine release
5. Endocrine problems - increased cortisol/thyroid hormones/femination from sertolli cell tumours
6. Pyrexia from inflammatory mediators
7. Immune mediated disease
8. Hypertrophic Osteopathy- lameness and swelling of bones
9. Dermatological manifestations - exocrine or immune system
10. Cancer cachexia

Question 2

Staging/Grading

Answer 2

Stage- Extent of disease (TNM staging system)

Grade- Biological properties/differentiation (Patnaik/Kiupel)

Question 3

Mast Cell Tumours

can Granulate/ Round cell tumour

Answer 3

1. Patnaik(3 stages)/Kupiel (high/low) Grading
2. 1- Ki-67 marker shows proliferation
3. TNM system for staging/ extent of disease
4. Surgery (3cm margins) and then chemo or Rx (VINBALSTINE/LOMUSTINE+PRED)
5. MASITINIB/TOCERANIB
6. Grade 3 = Radiosensitive

Histamine can cause the paraneoplastic effect of Gastric ulceration/ vomiting