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Pharmacotherapy > Oncology I > Flashcards

Oncology I Flashcards

1
Q

Define doubling time

A

length of cell cycle

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2
Q

Define growth fraction

A

proportion of actively dividing cells

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3
Q

What is the cell-kill hypothesis?

A

A certain percentage of cancer cells will be killed with each course of chemo

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4
Q

*In which phase do non-specific agents work?

A

Equally in every part of cell cycle

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5
Q

*In which phase do Taxanes work?

A

Mitosis

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6
Q
  • What are the goals of chemotherapy?
A 
(Primary Goal)
-A cure based on clinical and pathological data
(Secondary Goals)
Prolong Survival
Improve quality of life and functional status
(Tertiary Goals)
Relieve symptoms
Palliation
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7
Q
  • What is the MOA of classic alkylating agents
A

CROSS-LINKS two DNA strands or between two bases in the same strand of DNA and INHIBITS DNA replication

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8
Q

What drug causes CNS toxicity?

A

Ifosfamide

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9
Q

What AE does Busulfan cause?

A

Pulmonary Fibrosis

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10
Q

*What drugs cause hemorrhagic cystitis?

A

Cyclophosphamide and ifosfamide

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11
Q
  • What is the MOA of platnium compounds?
A

MOA: CROSS LINKS and breaking of DNA strands; therefore INHIBITS DNA REPLICATION

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12
Q

What is a common AE of platinum compounds?

A

Nephrotoxicity (with Cisplatin)

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13
Q
  • What is the MOA of Vinca Alkaloids?
A

Inhibits microtubule assembly

aka spindle poisons

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14
Q

What drug has the AE of myelosupression?

A

Vinca Alkaloids

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15
Q
  • What is the MOA of Taxanes?
A

Stabilization of microtubules

aka spindle poisons

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16
Q

What are the AE of Taxanes?

A
  • Peripheral neuropathies & myalgias

- Mucositis

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17
Q

What taxane causes fluid retention?

A

Docetaxel

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18
Q
  • What is the MOA of antimetabolites?
A

Inhibits DNA, RNA, or protein synthesis (by acting as a purine or pyrimidine)

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19
Q
  • What phase of the cell cycle do antimetabolites work?
A

S phase

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20
Q

*What is the MOA of Fluorouracil (Adrucil, 5, FU)

A

Pyrimidine antimetabolite analog (acts as a false substrate preventing thymidine synthesis) and therefore inhibits DNA synthesis

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21
Q

*Which phase of the cell cycle do vinca alkaloids affect?

A

M phase or late G2 phase

22
Q
  • What is the MOA of Leucovorin Calcium (LV)?
A

Stabilizes the binding of 5-dUMP and thymidylate synthetase enhancing the activity of 5-FU (Chemotherapy modulating agent)

23
Q

How often is Capecitabine (Xeloda given)?

A

2x day for 7-14 days

24
Q
  • What is the MOA of Capecitabine? (recheck)
A

Causes abnormal absorption and secretion of fluids and electrolytes

25
Q
  • What is the MOA of methotrexate?
A

Folate antimetabolite; inhibits DNA synthesis by binding to dihydrofolate reductase, inhibiting the formation of reduced folates and thymidylate synthetase and leading to inhibition of purine and thymidylic acid synthesis

26
Q
  • How should Leucovorin Calcium be given?
A

In combination with 5-Fluorouracil for better efficacy

27
Q
  • What is an AE of irinotecan?
A

Sever diarrhea

28
Q

Name 2 types of Topoisomerase II Inhibitors

A

Doxorubicin, daunorubicin

29
Q
  • What is the AE of etoposide?
A

Hypotension

30
Q

Name 2 types of Topoisomerase II inhibitors

A

Etoposide and teniposide

31
Q
  • What is the MOA of Tamoxofien?
A

SERM; Binds to estrogen receptors on tumors and inhibits estrogen effects

32
Q

What are the common AEs of SERMS?

A

Thrombotic events, Hot flashes, Nausea

33
Q
  • What is the MOA of Aromatase Inhibitors?
A

Blocks the conversion of androgens to estrogens in post-menopausal pts.

34
Q
  • What class of drug causes the AE of more osteoporosis?
A

Aromatase Inhibitors (such as Anastrozole (Arimidex®), letrozole (Femara®), exemestane (Aromasin®)

35
Q
  • What is the only estrogen receptor antagonist?
A

Fulvestrant (Faslodex)

36
Q
  • wHAT IS THE moa of Fluvestrant (Faslodex)
A

Estrogen Receptor Antagonist; binds to estrogen receptors on tumors and other tissue targets and leads to a dose-related down-regulation of estrogen receptors and inhibits tumor growth

37
Q
  • What is an AE of LHRH agonists?
A

Tumor flare reaction

38
Q
  • What is a representative of Antiandrogens
A

Estrogen Receptor Antagonist; binds to estrogen receptors on tumors and other tissue targets and leads to a dose-related down-regulation of estrogen receptors and inhibits tumor growth

39
Q
  • What is the MOA of Abiraterone (Zytiga)?
A

Inhibits androgen synthesis by inhibiting CYP17 (an enzyme required for androgen biosynthesis); CYP 17 is expressed in testicular, adrenal, and prostatic tumor tissues

40
Q
  • What are AE of Abiraterone (Zytiga)?
A
  • Mineralocorticoid excess (MCE) [hypokalemia, HTN, fluid retention]
  • Adrenocortical insufficiency (ADI)
41
Q

What is the MOA of Enzulatamide (Xtandil)

A

Pure androgen receptor inhibitor (no known agonistic properties); leads to cellular apoptosis and decreased prostate tumor volume

42
Q
  • What class of drugs are used to treat prostate cancer?
A

Antiandrogens

-Flutamide, bicalutamide (Casodex®), Nilutamide (Nilandron®)

43
Q

What is the MOA of MAB?

A

Target the mechanism for cell growth and proliferation

44
Q

What is an AE of MAB?

A

Hypersensitivity

45
Q
  • What is a representative drug of agents that target cell surface
A

Rituximab (Rituxan)

46
Q

*What is the MOA of Trastuzumab (Herceptin)?

A

MAB that binds to HER2 receptor and down regulates these receptors on tumor cells

47
Q
  • What drugs cause the AE of acneiform rash?
A

Laatinib (Tykerb), Cetuximab (Erbitux), and Erlotinib (Tarceva)

48
Q

What are some AE of Bevacizumab (Avastin)

A

Hematologic/hemorrhagiv, DVT, Interferes with wound healing

49
Q

Name a representative drug of Anaplastic Lymphoma kinase (ALK)

A

Crizotinib (Xalkori)

50
Q
  • What is the MOA of Sipuleucel-T (ProvengeA)
A

stimulate active immunologic cellular responses against prostate cancer by autologous cellular immunotherapy

51
Q

What requirements does a pt. have to have in order to use Sipuleucel-T (Provenge)

A
  • Good performance status (ECOG score ≤2)
  • Estimated life expectancy > 6 months
  • No visceral disease (organ involvement)
  • No or minimal symptoms

Pharmacotherapy (3 decks)

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