Infectious Diseases Flashcards
Define atypical bacteria
These bacteria do not gram stain or gram stain poorly
What parts of the body are sterile/void of normal flora?
CSF, blood, urine, and lower respiratory tract
What disease is associated with clostridium?
C. Difficile
What disease is associated with E. Coli?
UTI
What factors do you consider when prescribing antimicrobial to pt?
1) Hx antimicrobial use
2) Envt
3) Age
4) Other Pt. considerations (allergies, other Rx, loc of infection
5) Drug considerations (AE, drug interactions)
What is the most common skin flora?
Staph. Epi
What is Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC)?
The lowest concentration of an antimicrobial that results in the inhibition of visible growth of a microorganism
What bacteria is it important to know the MIC?
- staph aureus,
- MRSA
- vancomyocin
Describe concentration dependent killing
Increased rate of bacterial killing as the concentration of antibiotic increases
Describe time dependent killing
Killing effect is dependent on the amount of time the concentration of drug is above the MIC
Define post antibiotic effect
Persistent suppression of microbial growth that occurs after the levels of antibiotic have fallen below MIC
*What are examples of post antibiotic effects?
- aminoglycosides, -macrolides
- clindamycin (Cleocin)
- tetracylines
Define bacteriostatic
Inhibit growth of the organism (aid of host defenses)
Define bactericidal
Kills the organism
Name examples of Bacteriostatic RX
linezolid (Zyvox), -clindamycin (Cleocin), -tetracyclines, -sulfonamides, -macrolides
Name examples of Bactericidal RX
beta-lactams, -glycopeptides, -aminoglycosides, -fluoroquinolones, -daptomycin (Cubicin), -metronidazole (Flagyl)
*Define prophylactic therapy
Prevention of infection
*Define Emperic therapy
Initiation of treatment for an infection prior to determination of a firm diagnosis
What infections should be treated with injection antimicrobials?
- Endocarditis
- Meningitis
- CNS infections
- Osteomyelitis
What is the duration of therapy for community acquired pneumonia?
5 days
What is the duration of therapy for ventilator associated pneumonia?
8 days
What is the duration of therapy for endocarditis?
4-6 weeks
What is the duration of therapy for Osteomyelitis?
4-6 weeks
What is an AE of vancomycin?
Red man syndrome
