Infectious Diseases

Question 1

Define atypical bacteria

Answer 1

These bacteria do not gram stain or gram stain poorly

Question 2

What parts of the body are sterile/void of normal flora?

Answer 2

CSF, blood, urine, and lower respiratory tract

Question 3

What disease is associated with clostridium?

Answer 3

C. Difficile

Question 4

What disease is associated with E. Coli?

Answer 4

UTI

Question 5

What factors do you consider when prescribing antimicrobial to pt?

Answer 5

1) Hx antimicrobial use
2) Envt
3) Age
4) Other Pt. considerations (allergies, other Rx, loc of infection
5) Drug considerations (AE, drug interactions)

Question 6

What is the most common skin flora?

Answer 6

Staph. Epi

Question 7

What is Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC)?

Answer 7

The lowest concentration of an antimicrobial that results in the inhibition of visible growth of a microorganism

Question 8

What bacteria is it important to know the MIC?

Answer 8

• staph aureus,
• MRSA
• vancomyocin

Question 9

Describe concentration dependent killing

Answer 9

Increased rate of bacterial killing as the concentration of antibiotic increases

Question 10

Describe time dependent killing

Answer 10

Killing effect is dependent on the amount of time the concentration of drug is above the MIC

Question 11

Define post antibiotic effect

Answer 11

Persistent suppression of microbial growth that occurs after the levels of antibiotic have fallen below MIC

Question 12

*What are examples of post antibiotic effects?

Answer 12

• aminoglycosides, -macrolides
• clindamycin (Cleocin)
• tetracylines

Question 13

Define bacteriostatic

Answer 13

Inhibit growth of the organism (aid of host defenses)

Question 14

Define bactericidal

Answer 14

Kills the organism

Question 15

Name examples of Bacteriostatic RX

Answer 15

linezolid (Zyvox), -clindamycin (Cleocin), -tetracyclines, -sulfonamides, -macrolides

Question 16

Name examples of Bactericidal RX

Answer 16

beta-lactams, -glycopeptides, -aminoglycosides, -fluoroquinolones, -daptomycin (Cubicin), -metronidazole (Flagyl)

Question 17

*Define prophylactic therapy

Answer 17

Prevention of infection

Question 18

*Define Emperic therapy

Answer 18

Initiation of treatment for an infection prior to determination of a firm diagnosis

Question 19

What infections should be treated with injection antimicrobials?

Answer 19

• Endocarditis
• Meningitis
• CNS infections
• Osteomyelitis

Question 20

What is the duration of therapy for community acquired pneumonia?

Answer 20

5 days

Question 21

What is the duration of therapy for ventilator associated pneumonia?

Answer 21

8 days

Question 22

What is the duration of therapy for endocarditis?

Answer 22

4-6 weeks

Question 23

What is the duration of therapy for Osteomyelitis?

Answer 23

4-6 weeks

Question 24

What is an AE of vancomycin?

Answer 24

Red man syndrome

Question 25

What is the MOA of cell wall agents?

Answer 25

Inhibit cell wall synthesis

Question 26

What antimicrobial agents interfere with cell wall synthesis?

Answer 26

• Beta lactams
• Glycopeptides
• Cyclic lipopeptides

Question 27

Name AE of PCN

Answer 27

• Hypersensitivity
• Diarrhea
• Nephritis
• Neurotoxicity

Question 28

What RX should you not use to treat enterococci?

Answer 28

Cephalosporins

Question 29

What is the MIC for vancomycin?

Answer 29

MIC >1

Question 30

What is daptomycin (Cubicin) contraindicated in?

Answer 30

Penumonia

Question 31

*What diseases do Tetracyclines cover?

Answer 31

Atypicals and community acquired MRSA

Question 32

• What is the # 1 drug for tick bourne illnesses (and also used for STDs)

Answer 32

Doxycycline

Question 33

*Tigecycline (Tigacil) cover all organisms except what?

Answer 33

Pseudomonas

Question 34

When should you avoid Glycyclines (Tigacil)

Answer 34

In bacteremia