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Step 2 CK > Oncology/Hematology > Flashcards

Oncology/Hematology Flashcards

1
Q

What is the gene mutation in follicular nonHodgkin lymphoma?

A

t(14,18) involving BCL2

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2
Q

What is the gene mutation in Burkitt’s lymphoma?

A

t(8,14) involving C-myc

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3
Q

What is the most aggressive non Hodgkin’s lymphoma? its gene mutation?

A

Mantle cell t(11,14)

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4
Q

What lymphoma is associated with MALToma and H. pylori? What is the treatment?

A

Marginal t(11,18) treat for H pylori

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5
Q

What is the treatment for diffuse B cell lymphoma?

A

CHOP
Cyclophoshamide (+Mesna to prevent bladder toxicity)
Hydroxydaunymicin (Doxorubicin) (+Dexrazoxan to reduce cardio toxicity because Doxorubicin increases Fe accumulation and this is a Fe chelator)
Oncovin (Vincristine)
Prednisone

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6
Q

Which target therapy is a PD1 blocker

A

pembrolizumab

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7
Q

Which target therapy is a BCL-2 inhibitor and increases apoptosis

A

Venetoclax

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8
Q

Which is a proteasome inhibitor and increases apoptosis?

A

bortezomib

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9
Q

Which is an anti B cell (CD20) antibody?

A

Rituximab

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10
Q

Which target therapy is a BCL-2 inhibitor and increases apoptosis

A

Venetoclax (for CLL)

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11
Q

Multiple Myeloma meds

A

Bortezomib (inhibit proteasome activity)
Lenalidomide (derivative of Thalidomide)–binds the affinity of E3 ubiquitin ligase complex to specific transcription factors: Lenalidomide also used for mantle cell and myelodysplastic syn.

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12
Q

Mechanism of chemo resistant cells

A

Have P Glycoproteins that upregulate ATP pump and pump out meds from cell, coded by multidrug resistant 1 gene (MDR1) gene

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13
Q

What control cell cycle progression from G1 to S?

A

Cyclin Dependent Kinase (CDK4 &6) activated by cyclin D (BIG D!!) inhibit Rb suppressor protein, allowing passage to S phase; cancers achieve growth through Cyclin D amplification or Rb gene suppression

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14
Q

What is a CDK 4/6 regulation medication to stop rapidly dividing cells?

A

Palbociclib

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15
Q

Which chemo is specifically for HER2NEU breast cancer?

A

Trans2zumab (watch out for cardiomyopathy)

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16
Q

Which disease is it when neoplastic megalokaryocytes secrete cytokine transforming growth factor Best which stimulates bone marrow fibroblast to fill medullary space with collagen?

A

Primary Myelofibrosis (pancytopenia, hepatosplenomegaly, teardrop cells)

17
Q

Which organs take over hematopoeisis with myelofibrosis?

A

liver and spleen

18
Q

What is the gene disruption in young smokers who develop non small cell lung carcinoma

A

fusion between short arm of Ch2 & EML4 (echinoderm microtubule associated protein-like 4) & ALK (anaplastic lymphoma kinase)= active tyrosine kinase Tx: protein kinase inhibitor crizotinib

19
Q

What is the gene disruption in melanoma? and a treatment?

A

BRAF600E changes valine to glutamate; good treatment is BRAF inhibitor VEMURAFENIB

20
Q

melanocyte markers

A

S100 and AMB45 AMB45 monoclonal Ab binds to immature melanosomes

21
Q

What is pembrolizumab used for?

A

it is a PD1 inhibitor so the cancer cell cannot evade apoptosis

22
Q

HPV MOA

A

E6 binds p53/ E7 binds Rb

23
Q

What are the surface epithelial ovarian tumors?

A

“cells that support normal ovulation”: serous, mucinous, clear, epithelial

24
Q

What are the sex cord stroma ovarian tumors?

A

“Cells that surround oocyte”: granulosa (secretes estrogen); Sertoli-Leydig (testosterone)

25
Q

What are the germ cell ovarian tumors?

A

“develop into embryo or placenta”: have germ layers (mesoderm, endoderm, ectoderm); yolk sac tumors, choriocarcinomas (placenta) up hCG, up aFP

26
Q

What is a struma ovarii?

A

germ cell tumor with oily substance inside

27
Q

Where does cutaneous lymph from umbilicus down drain into ?

A

superficial inguinal lymph nodes

28
Q

Where do glans penis and popliteal LN drain into?

A

deep inguinal LN

29
Q

What is the marker for serous adenocarcinoma of ovary?

A

CA-125

30
Q

What is the marker for trophoblastic tumor?

A

beta hCG

31
Q

What is the marker for yolk sac, nonseminomatous testicular cancer?

A

AFP

32
Q

What does theca interna secrete?

A

progesterone

33
Q

What does granulosa secrete?

A

estrogen

34
Q

What does LH elevate?

A

progesterone

35
Q

What does FSH elevate?

A

estrogen

36
Q

What are some treatments for polycythemia vera?

A

phlebotomy, hydroxyurea, ruxolitinib and gout meds (colchicine)

37
Q

Explain the use of temozolomide for glioblastoma?

A

many glioblastoma methylate the CpG region adjacent to MGMT gene wchich generates a protein that repairs damage DNA, Silencing MGMT allows for more cancer growth but also makes it susceptible to alkylating chemo (temozolomide) because they cannot be repaired by MGMT

38
Q

What is ABETACEPT

A

PD1 CTLA 4 inhibitor (Cancer cells bind PD1 and CTLA4 to hide from apoptosis, if inhibit this binding, then cancer cells more susceptible to apoptosis

Step 2 CK (4 decks)

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