oncology - head and neck tumors Flashcards by Fallon Duffy

are nasal planum tumors common in cats?

yes

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should we perform a cytology on a nasal planum tumor?

no, not likely effective due to low yield

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how should we test a nasal planum tumor for diagnosis ?

wedge or punch biopsy

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do nasal planum tumors have a high or low metastatic rate?

low rate

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should we biopsy a nasal planum tumor under sedation?

no, it will bleed and is too reactive

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what are some treatments for nasal planum tumors?

prevention (limiting UV exposure)
if its a superficial lesion - many options like cryoablation, radiation, intralesional therapy
infiltrative lesions need surgery - nasal planectomy

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what is the prognosis for a nasal planum tumor?

aggressive surgery improves prognosis

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what are some clinical signs of an ear canal tumor?

recurrent signs of infection with a visible mass effect in the canal
pain or reluctance to open mouth

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what breeds are associated with ear canal tumors ?

cocker spaniels and poodles

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whats the most common differential diagnosis for ear canal tumors?

ceruminous gland adenocarcinoma

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do cats develop more malignant or benign lesions of the head and neck?

malignant

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how do we diagnose ear canal tumors?

do a sedated or anesthetized biopsy, usually need alligators so you can fit through otoscope
- FNA doesn’t really work for this

can do radiographs of head to check for ossesous changes

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how do we treat ear canal tumors?

aggressive surgery - TECA BO

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what is the signalment for dogs with canine sinonasal tumors ?

older dogs (around 10), medium to large breed, doliocephalic (long snout)

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what is the presenting complaint with canine sinonasal tumors

2-3 month history of UNIlateral epistaxis
sneezing
open mouth breathing with partial response to empirical treatment

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what clinical sign is related to cancer in canine sinonasal tumors?

facial deformity in advanced stages

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is sinonasal tumor common in dogs?

no uncommon, 1% of all tumors

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what are differential diagnoses in dogs for sinonasal tumors ?

carcinomas or sarcomas

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what are differential diagnoses in cats for sinonasal tumors?

lymphosarcoma!! always think this when dealing with cats unless proven otherwise

what is important to remember about the work up for sinonasal tumors?

must do work up to eliminate the cause of epistaxis

how do we diagnose a sinonasal tumor?

radiographs of skull and chest
cross sectional imaging
biopsy
regional LNs ( usually don’t metastasize until late)

how do you know if you’ve taken a good biopsy of a sinonasal tumor?

there is gushing blood after you take the sample

what treatment do we use for sinonasal tumors?

palliative treatment

NSAIDs
low dose radiation
chemo alone

curative intent treatment

radiation therapy - external beam
3D conformal radiation therapy

can try rhinotomy if reoccurs after radiation therapy

what are the types of 3D conformal radiation therapy ?

IMRT - intensity modulated radiation therapy

- SRT - sterotactic radiotherapy

what is an advantage of using IMRT ?

has reduced dose delivered to the eyes and is bilaterally ocular sparing

what is an advantage of using SRT ?

the entire dose is given in 1-5 procedures so less anesthesia time

what are some negative prognostic factors with sinonasal tumors?

- age - presence of epistaxis - tumor stage (cribriform involvement = bad) - presence of metastatic disease - histologic subtype - failure to achieve resolution of clinical signs after tx

how often is there malignancy in cats with sinonasal tumors?

90%

are salivary tumors more aggressive in dogs or cats?

cats

what breed of dog and cat are associated with salivary tumors?

spaniels and siamese

what salivary gland is most commonly affected by a salivary tumor?

mandibular salivary gland also parotid

what will we see with a salivary tumor?

a firm painless swelling at the salivary gland

how do we know if its a salivary tumor or salivary mucocele?

they present differently

should we do an FNA or biopsy of a salivary tumor?

FNA

is surgery curative for a salivary tumor?

surgery alone is rarely curative, need adjuvant radiation therapy for margins

what cats have a decreased risk of thyroid tumors?

siamese/himalayan

what is the main thing we should think of in regards to a cat with a thyroid tumor?

HYPER THYROIDISM

what is the chief complaint in a dog with thyroid tumor?

palpable cervical mass

in dogs, what it the ratio of malignant to benign thyroid tumors?

90% malignant and 10% benign 90% non-functional to 10% functional

in cats, what it the ratio of malignant to benign thyroid tumors?

10% malignant and 90% benign 10% non-functional to 90% functional

what is the most common type of thyroid tumor in cats?

adenoma

what is the unique phenomenon with thyroid tumors?

dogs with thyroid tumors can have multiple distinct malignancies (another tumor unrelated to the thyroid) commonly intra-abdominal

true or false. | thyroid tumors can be very vascular so we should use US guided FNA.

true

which has a better prognosis, fixed or not fixed thyroid tumor?

not fixed is better

what treatment options are there for thyroid tumors?

- thyroidectomy | - I-131