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SAM 2 > oncology - head and neck tumors > Flashcards

oncology - head and neck tumors Flashcards

1
Q

are nasal planum tumors common in cats?

A

yes

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2
Q

should we perform a cytology on a nasal planum tumor?

A

no, not likely effective due to low yield

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3
Q

how should we test a nasal planum tumor for diagnosis ?

A

wedge or punch biopsy

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4
Q

do nasal planum tumors have a high or low metastatic rate?

A

low rate

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5
Q

should we biopsy a nasal planum tumor under sedation?

A

no, it will bleed and is too reactive

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6
Q

what are some treatments for nasal planum tumors?

A
  • prevention (limiting UV exposure)
  • if its a superficial lesion - many options like cryoablation, radiation, intralesional therapy
  • infiltrative lesions need surgery - nasal planectomy
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7
Q

what is the prognosis for a nasal planum tumor?

A
  • aggressive surgery improves prognosis
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8
Q

what are some clinical signs of an ear canal tumor?

A
  • recurrent signs of infection with a visible mass effect in the canal
  • pain or reluctance to open mouth
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9
Q

what breeds are associated with ear canal tumors ?

A

cocker spaniels and poodles

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10
Q

whats the most common differential diagnosis for ear canal tumors?

A

ceruminous gland adenocarcinoma

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11
Q

do cats develop more malignant or benign lesions of the head and neck?

A

malignant

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12
Q

how do we diagnose ear canal tumors?

A

do a sedated or anesthetized biopsy, usually need alligators so you can fit through otoscope
- FNA doesn’t really work for this

can do radiographs of head to check for ossesous changes

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13
Q

how do we treat ear canal tumors?

A

aggressive surgery - TECA BO

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14
Q

what is the signalment for dogs with canine sinonasal tumors ?

A

older dogs (around 10), medium to large breed, doliocephalic (long snout)

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15
Q

what is the presenting complaint with canine sinonasal tumors

A
  • 2-3 month history of UNIlateral epistaxis
  • sneezing
  • open mouth breathing with partial response to empirical treatment
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16
Q

what clinical sign is related to cancer in canine sinonasal tumors?

A

facial deformity in advanced stages

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17
Q

is sinonasal tumor common in dogs?

A

no uncommon, 1% of all tumors

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18
Q

what are differential diagnoses in dogs for sinonasal tumors ?

A

carcinomas or sarcomas

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19
Q

what are differential diagnoses in cats for sinonasal tumors?

A

lymphosarcoma!! always think this when dealing with cats unless proven otherwise

20
Q

what is important to remember about the work up for sinonasal tumors?

A

must do work up to eliminate the cause of epistaxis

21
Q

how do we diagnose a sinonasal tumor?

A
  • radiographs of skull and chest
  • cross sectional imaging
  • biopsy
  • regional LNs ( usually don’t metastasize until late)
22
Q

how do you know if you’ve taken a good biopsy of a sinonasal tumor?

A

there is gushing blood after you take the sample

23
Q

what treatment do we use for sinonasal tumors?

A

palliative treatment

  • NSAIDs
  • low dose radiation
  • chemo alone

curative intent treatment

  • radiation therapy - external beam
  • 3D conformal radiation therapy

can try rhinotomy if reoccurs after radiation therapy

24
Q

what are the types of 3D conformal radiation therapy ?

A
  • IMRT - intensity modulated radiation therapy

- SRT - sterotactic radiotherapy

25
Q

what is an advantage of using IMRT ?

A

has reduced dose delivered to the eyes and is bilaterally ocular sparing

26
Q

what is an advantage of using SRT ?

A

the entire dose is given in 1-5 procedures so less anesthesia time

27
Q

what are some negative prognostic factors with sinonasal tumors?

A
  • age
  • presence of epistaxis
  • tumor stage (cribriform involvement = bad)
  • presence of metastatic disease
  • histologic subtype
  • failure to achieve resolution of clinical signs after tx
28
Q

how often is there malignancy in cats with sinonasal tumors?

A

90%

29
Q

are salivary tumors more aggressive in dogs or cats?

A

cats

30
Q

what breed of dog and cat are associated with salivary tumors?

A

spaniels and siamese

31
Q

what salivary gland is most commonly affected by a salivary tumor?

A

mandibular salivary gland also parotid

32
Q

what will we see with a salivary tumor?

A

a firm painless swelling at the salivary gland

33
Q

how do we know if its a salivary tumor or salivary mucocele?

A

they present differently

34
Q

should we do an FNA or biopsy of a salivary tumor?

A

FNA

35
Q

is surgery curative for a salivary tumor?

A

surgery alone is rarely curative, need adjuvant radiation therapy for margins

36
Q

what cats have a decreased risk of thyroid tumors?

A

siamese/himalayan

37
Q

what is the main thing we should think of in regards to a cat with a thyroid tumor?

A

HYPER THYROIDISM

38
Q

what is the chief complaint in a dog with thyroid tumor?

A

palpable cervical mass

39
Q

in dogs, what it the ratio of malignant to benign thyroid tumors?

A

90% malignant and 10% benign

90% non-functional to 10% functional

40
Q

in cats, what it the ratio of malignant to benign thyroid tumors?

A

10% malignant and 90% benign

10% non-functional to 90% functional

41
Q

what is the most common type of thyroid tumor in cats?

A

adenoma

42
Q

what is the unique phenomenon with thyroid tumors?

A

dogs with thyroid tumors can have multiple distinct malignancies (another tumor unrelated to the thyroid) commonly intra-abdominal

43
Q

true or false.

thyroid tumors can be very vascular so we should use US guided FNA.

A

true

44
Q

which has a better prognosis, fixed or not fixed thyroid tumor?

A

not fixed is better

45
Q

what treatment options are there for thyroid tumors?

A
  • thyroidectomy

- I-131

SAM 2 (9 decks)

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