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SAM 2 > Oncology - GI tumors > Flashcards

Oncology - GI tumors Flashcards

1
Q

what percentage of tumors do oral tumors account for in dogs?

A

5%

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2
Q

what is the presenting complaints we usually see with oral tumors?

A

visible mass with oral bleeding, difficulty eating or halitosis

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3
Q

what are the 3 big differential diagnoses for oral tumors?

A
  1. melanoma
  2. SCC
  3. fibrosarcoma
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4
Q

what are the 2 big differential diagnoses for oral tumors?

A
  1. SCC

2. fibrosarcoma

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5
Q

how do we diagnose oral tumors?

A
  • cytology not effective
  • need incisional biopsy for tissue dx
    • NEVER biopsy an oral mass through the lip
  • dental radiographs or CT
  • LN staging
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6
Q

true or false.

malignant melanoma is always pigmented black.

A

false, non-pigmented variant - amelanotic melanoma

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7
Q

is melanoma highly malignant?

A

yes! mets in 80% of cases, thorough staging is required

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8
Q

what are the risk factors for cats getting SCC?

A
  • flea collar usage
  • smoke exposure
  • excessive canned food
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9
Q

what site does SCC prefer in cats?

A

sublingual site

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10
Q

who do we commonly see fibrosarcoma in ?

A

large breed middle aged (7-8 yrs) like goldens and labs

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11
Q

true or false.

fibrosarcoma is very invasive locally and often looks metastatic

A

FALSE, often looks benign

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12
Q

what should you do if you think you have fibrosarcoma but the biopsy comes back as fibroma?

A

don’t believe it

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13
Q

where do odontogenic tumors arise from?

A

periodontal ligament

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14
Q

are odontogenic tumors malignant or benign?

A

benign but can be locally invasive

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15
Q

what is the gold standard of treatment for oral tumors?

A

aggressive surgical excision with the exception of peripheral odotogenic fibroma

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16
Q

true or false.

oral tumors almost always have bone involvement

A

true

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17
Q

true or false.

a more rostral mass is harder to excise and has a worse prognosis.

A

false! it’s easier to excise giving it a better prognosis

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18
Q

is radiation therapy effective for oral tumor management ?

A

yes

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19
Q

are esophageal tumors common in cats or dogs?

A

no, rare, may never see it during career

20
Q

what is a cause of esophageal tumors?

A

spirocerca lupi infection causing sarcoma

21
Q

whats the most common differential for esophageal tumor?

A

SCC

others - leiomyosarcoma, fibrosarcoma

22
Q

how do we diagnose esophageal tumors?

A
  • imaging - radiographs or esophagram

- esophagoscopy - can obtain biopsies this way

23
Q

how do we treat esophageal tumors?

A
  • surgery is the preferred treatment but is challenging
  • radiation therapy but limited due to side effects of surrounding areas
  • palliative care
24
Q

what is the prognosis for esophageal tumors?

A

very poor

25
Q

what breeds are genetically predisposed to gastric tumors ?

A

BELGIAN shepherds and chows

26
Q

true or false.

most dogs are asymptomatic until tumor becomes large enough to effect outflow

A

true

27
Q

where does gastric adenocarcinoma have a preference for?

A

pyloric antrum/lesser curvature

28
Q

does gastric adenocarcinoma have a high metastatic rate?

A

yes. 74%

29
Q

what are 2 big differentials with gastric tumors in dogs?

A

adenocarcinoma (70-80% of GI neoplasms) and leimyosarcoma

30
Q

what is the 1 big differential with gastric tumors in cats?

A

lymphoma

31
Q

how do we work up a gastric tumor ?

A
  • endoscopy - preferred and can get biopsies
  • minimum database
  • abdominal US
  • US guided FNA/cytology
  • positive contrast gastrogram
32
Q

what is the treatment for for gastric tumors?

A

surgical excision

33
Q

whats the prognosis of gastric adenocarcinoma ?

A

poor prognosis, majority dead within 6 months

- if no mets and able to resect, lengthy survival possible

34
Q

can leiomyoma be cured with surgery?

A

yes

35
Q

which is more common in dogs, large intestine or small intestine tumors?

A

large intestine

36
Q

which breeds are predisposed to intestinal tumors?

A

GERMAN shepherd and collies

37
Q

which is more common in cats, large intestine or small intestine tumors?

A

small intestine

38
Q

when doing endoscopic biopsy what is a common misdiagnosis ?

A

it is common to misdiagnose LSA with IBD in cats

39
Q

how should we diagnose intestinal tumors?

A

US guided FNA

40
Q

what are the big 3 differentials for intestinal tumors in dogs?

A
  1. LSA
  2. ACA
  3. Leiomyosarcoma
41
Q

what are the big 3 differentials for intestinal tumors in cats ?

A
  1. LSA
  2. ACA
  3. MCT
42
Q

when treating intestinal tumors should we do surgical excision with cases of LSA ?

A

NO, this is the exception

43
Q

what is the majority cell line in dogs with intestinal LSA?

A

T cell origin

44
Q

what is the majority cell line in cats with intestinal LSA?

A

B cell origin

45
Q

true or false.

In dogs, intestinal MCT have 100% rate of metastasis

A

true, very bad disease to have, MST is 16 days

46
Q

where do gastrointestinal stromal tumors have an affinity for ?

A

the cecum

47
Q

how can we diagnose gastrointestinal stromal tumors?

A

they express c-kit so can do immunohistochemistry for that

SAM 2 (9 decks)

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