Oncology - GI tumors Flashcards
what percentage of tumors do oral tumors account for in dogs?
5%
what is the presenting complaints we usually see with oral tumors?
visible mass with oral bleeding, difficulty eating or halitosis
what are the 3 big differential diagnoses for oral tumors?
- melanoma
- SCC
- fibrosarcoma
what are the 2 big differential diagnoses for oral tumors?
- SCC
2. fibrosarcoma
how do we diagnose oral tumors?
- cytology not effective
- need incisional biopsy for tissue dx
- NEVER biopsy an oral mass through the lip
- dental radiographs or CT
- LN staging
true or false.
malignant melanoma is always pigmented black.
false, non-pigmented variant - amelanotic melanoma
is melanoma highly malignant?
yes! mets in 80% of cases, thorough staging is required
what are the risk factors for cats getting SCC?
- flea collar usage
- smoke exposure
- excessive canned food
what site does SCC prefer in cats?
sublingual site
who do we commonly see fibrosarcoma in ?
large breed middle aged (7-8 yrs) like goldens and labs
true or false.
fibrosarcoma is very invasive locally and often looks metastatic
FALSE, often looks benign
what should you do if you think you have fibrosarcoma but the biopsy comes back as fibroma?
don’t believe it
where do odontogenic tumors arise from?
periodontal ligament
are odontogenic tumors malignant or benign?
benign but can be locally invasive
what is the gold standard of treatment for oral tumors?
aggressive surgical excision with the exception of peripheral odotogenic fibroma
true or false.
oral tumors almost always have bone involvement
true
true or false.
a more rostral mass is harder to excise and has a worse prognosis.
false! it’s easier to excise giving it a better prognosis
is radiation therapy effective for oral tumor management ?
yes
are esophageal tumors common in cats or dogs?
no, rare, may never see it during career
what is a cause of esophageal tumors?
spirocerca lupi infection causing sarcoma
whats the most common differential for esophageal tumor?
SCC
others - leiomyosarcoma, fibrosarcoma
how do we diagnose esophageal tumors?
- imaging - radiographs or esophagram
- esophagoscopy - can obtain biopsies this way
how do we treat esophageal tumors?
- surgery is the preferred treatment but is challenging
- radiation therapy but limited due to side effects of surrounding areas
- palliative care
what is the prognosis for esophageal tumors?
very poor
what breeds are genetically predisposed to gastric tumors ?
BELGIAN shepherds and chows
true or false.
most dogs are asymptomatic until tumor becomes large enough to effect outflow
true
where does gastric adenocarcinoma have a preference for?
pyloric antrum/lesser curvature
does gastric adenocarcinoma have a high metastatic rate?
yes. 74%
what are 2 big differentials with gastric tumors in dogs?
adenocarcinoma (70-80% of GI neoplasms) and leimyosarcoma
what is the 1 big differential with gastric tumors in cats?
lymphoma
how do we work up a gastric tumor ?
- endoscopy - preferred and can get biopsies
- minimum database
- abdominal US
- US guided FNA/cytology
- positive contrast gastrogram
what is the treatment for for gastric tumors?
surgical excision
whats the prognosis of gastric adenocarcinoma ?
poor prognosis, majority dead within 6 months
- if no mets and able to resect, lengthy survival possible
can leiomyoma be cured with surgery?
yes
which is more common in dogs, large intestine or small intestine tumors?
large intestine
which breeds are predisposed to intestinal tumors?
GERMAN shepherd and collies
which is more common in cats, large intestine or small intestine tumors?
small intestine
when doing endoscopic biopsy what is a common misdiagnosis ?
it is common to misdiagnose LSA with IBD in cats
how should we diagnose intestinal tumors?
US guided FNA
what are the big 3 differentials for intestinal tumors in dogs?
- LSA
- ACA
- Leiomyosarcoma
what are the big 3 differentials for intestinal tumors in cats ?
- LSA
- ACA
- MCT
when treating intestinal tumors should we do surgical excision with cases of LSA ?
NO, this is the exception
what is the majority cell line in dogs with intestinal LSA?
T cell origin
what is the majority cell line in cats with intestinal LSA?
B cell origin
true or false.
In dogs, intestinal MCT have 100% rate of metastasis
true, very bad disease to have, MST is 16 days
where do gastrointestinal stromal tumors have an affinity for ?
the cecum
how can we diagnose gastrointestinal stromal tumors?
they express c-kit so can do immunohistochemistry for that
