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BPT Oncology > Oncology Drugs and Pathways > Flashcards

Oncology Drugs and Pathways Flashcards

1
Q

What are the four types of anti cancer drug therapies?

A

chemotherapy, endocrine therapy, molecularly targeted therapy, immunotherapy

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2
Q

What are the types of molecularly targeted therapies?

A

monoclonal antibodies, small molecule inhibitors, antibody drug conjugates

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3
Q

What is EGFR?

A

a tyrosine kinase receptor (ERBB-1) that has gain of function in many cancers

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4
Q

What monoclonal antibodies target EGFR?

A

cetuximab and panitumumab

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5
Q

What cancers are monoclonal antibodies targeting EGFR used in/

A

RAS wild type colorectal cancer and head and neck SCC

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6
Q

What are the side effects of monoclonal antibodies targeting EGFR?

A

aceniform rash, diarrhoea, stomatitis, hypomagnesaemia

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7
Q

Which tyrosine kinase inhibitors are used against EGFR?

A

erlotinib, gefitinib, afatinib

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8
Q

Which cancer is EGFR TKIs used for?

A

NSCLC with EGFR mutation

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9
Q

What are the side effets of EGFR TKIs?

A

acneiform rash, diarrhoea, fatigue, ocular changes, alopecia, nail changes, pulmonary toxicity, elevations in ALT/AST

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10
Q

What is the mechanism of acquired resistance to EGFR TKIs?

A

T790M mutation

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11
Q

What is osimertinib?

A

a 3rd generation EGFR TKI which is effective against T790M mutation

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12
Q

What is HER-2?

A

A TKR

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13
Q

What cancers is HER-2 overexpressed in?

A

breast cancer and gastric/GOJ cancers

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14
Q

What are the monoclonal antibodies against HER-2?

A

trastuzumab and pertuzumab

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15
Q

What is the TKI against HER-2?

A

lapatinib

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16
Q

What is trastuzumab emtansine?

A

an antibody drug conjugate

17
Q

What are the side effects of trastuzumab emtansine?

A

thrombocytopaenia and increased aminotransferases

18
Q

What is ribociclib?

A

A CDK4/6 inhibitor

19
Q

What is ribociclib used to treat?

A

ER+ HER2- metastatic breast cancer

20
Q

What are the side effects of ribociclib?

A

neutropaenia, LFT abnormalities, diarrhoea

21
Q

What is synthetic lethality?

A

where concurrent inhibition of both genes lead to cell death

22
Q

What is PARP?

A

a protein which repairs single strand DNA breaks

23
Q

How do PARP inhibitors work?

A

PARP inhibitors stop a cell from being able to repair a single strand DNA break, which leads do a double strand DNA break which can only be fixed in cells which don’t have a BRCA mutation - this means that tumour cells with a BRCA mutation die and spares normal cells

24
Q

What is olaparib?

A

a PARP inhibitor

25
Q

What are the side effects of olaparib?

A

nausea, diarrhoea, fatigue, myleosuppression

BPT Oncology (10 decks)

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