oncology drugs Flashcards
cyclophosphamide moa, adverse effects
alkylating agent
cross linking of DNA
Adverse effects
haemorrhagic cystitis: incidence reduced by the use of hydration and mesna
myelosuppression
transitional cell carcinoma
how to prevent haemorrhargic cystitis after cyclophosphamide treatment
pathophys
mesna
2-mercaptoethane sulfonate Na
a metabolite of cyclophosphamide called acrolein is toxic to urothelium
mesna binds to and inactivates acrolein helping to prevent haemorrhagic cystitis
2 cytotoxic antibiotics, moas and adverse effects
bleomycin - degrades preformed DNA - lung fibrosis
anthracyclines eg doxorubicin - stabilises DNA-topoisomerase II complex, inhibits DNA and RNA synthesis - cardiomyopathy
methotrexate moa adrs
inhibits dihydrofolate reductase and thymidylate synthesis
Myelosuppression, mucositis, liver fibrosis, lung fibrosisfl
fluorouracil moa and adrs
Pyrimidine analogue inducing cell cycle arrest and apoptosis by blocking thymidylate synthase (works during S phase) Myelosuppression, mucositis, dermatitis
6-mercaptopurine moa adrs
Purine analogue that is activated by HGPRTase, decreasing purine synthesis Myelosuppression
cytarabine moa adrs
Pyrimidine antagonist. Interferes with DNA synthesis specifically at the S-phase of the cell cycle and inhibits DNA polymerase Myelosuppression, ataxia
vincristine, vinblastine moa adrs
Inhibits formation of microtubules Vincristine: Peripheral neuropathy (reversible) , paralytic ileus
Vinblastine: myelosuppression
docetaxel moa adrs
Prevents microtubule depolymerisation & disassembly, decreasing free tubulin Neutropaenia
irinotecan
Inhibits topoisomerase I which prevents relaxation of supercoiled DNA Myelosuppression
cisplatin
Causes cross-linking in DNA
Ototoxicity, peripheral neuropathy, hypomagnesaemia
Hydroxyurea (hydroxycarbamide)
Inhibits ribonucleotide reductase, decreasing DNA synthesis
Myelosuppression
