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RUSVM Small Animal Medicine II 2017 > Oncology and Gastroenterology > Flashcards

Oncology and Gastroenterology Flashcards

1
Q

Steps in the diagnostic work up of the cancer patient

A
  1. History
  2. Physical Exam
  3. Medical Imaging
  4. FNA and Cytology
  5. Biopsy
  6. Histopathology
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2
Q

Clinical Stage

A

Physical extent of the tumor

  • Size of the primary tumor
  • anatomical location of metastases
  • Tumor size
  • Nodal Metastasis
  • Distant Metastasis
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3
Q

Histiological grade

A

Histiological scoring by pathologist

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4
Q

Stage

A

Extent of body affected, determined by clinician with diagnostic tests

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5
Q

What do you use a CT scan for with Oncology?

A

pulmonary metastases
Bony invasion
radiation treatment planning

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6
Q

What do you use MRI for with Oncology?

A

Neurological diagnosis

Surgical planning

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7
Q

What do you use nuclear scintigraphy for with oncology?

A

bony metastases

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8
Q

When would you perform a non-aspiration sampling technique for Oncology?

A

Lymph nodes
round cell tumors
highly vascular tumors

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9
Q

When would you perform an aspiration sampling technique for oncology?

A

Hard/firm lesions
very small lesions where multiple passes are impossible
second attempt

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10
Q

What would you perform a new methylene blue stain on?

A

mast cell tumors

lipomas

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11
Q

Biopsy

A

removal of a small piece of tissue for laboratory examination

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12
Q

Incisional biopsy

A

biopsy of a selected portion of a lesion

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13
Q

Excisional biopsy

A

removal of a mass primarily for diagnostic purposes

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14
Q

When would you perform an incisional biopsy?

A

when the therapy is determined by tumor type
when extent of resection is determined by tumor type
when planning is needed because tumor is in a difficult area to reconstruct
when tumor type and predicted behavior would affect the decision to treat

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15
Q

What are the indications for Chemotherapy?

A

Patients with measurable tumor known to be sensitive to chemo
Adjunct therapy to suppress occult micro-metastasis after local therapy
Palliative non-resectable or metastatic cancer
to downstage/reduce a chemosensitive tumor before definitive therapy
to sensitize tissues to radiation

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16
Q

Growth fraction

A

proportion of cells that are proliferating/active in the cell cycle

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17
Q

Cell loss factor

A

sloughing, necrosis , and apoptosis

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18
Q

Goldie Coldman Hypothesis

A

once the tumor has reached one million cells, it is likely that chemo resistant cells have developed due to mutations

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19
Q

When is chemotherapy most effective?

A

during the rapid growth of the tumor

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20
Q

What have we learned from the Goldie Coldman Hypothesis?

A

Chemo should be initiated early in the course of disease

a protocol containing multiple agents is ideal

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21
Q

What are the “BAG” of adverse effects of Chemo?

A

B - Bone Marrow toxicity
A - Alopecia
G - Gastrointestinal effects

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22
Q

At what point would we administer prophylactic antibiotics with chemo?

A

less than 1,000 WBC/uL

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23
Q

What chemo causes the most vomiting?

A

Cisplatin

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24
Q

What are the anti-emetics used to combat the vomiting associated with chemotherapy?

A

Meropitant
Metaclopramide
Ondanzetron

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25
Q

What are the GI effects seen with Chemotherapy?

A

Vomiting and Diarrhea

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26
Q

In what breed should you avoid Doxorubicin and why?

A

Dobermans with cardiomyopathy

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27
Q

In what species and age should you avoid Doxorubicin?

A

Geriatric cat with CRF

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28
Q

What phase of the cell cycle is refractory to chemo?

A

G0

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29
Q

What chemo drugs target Interphase and Protein and RNA synthesis?

A

L-Asparaginase

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30
Q

What chemo drugs target DNA synthesis?

A

Antimetabolites

Doxorubicin????

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31
Q

What chemo drugs target Protein and RNA Synthesis and Mitotic spindle formation?

A

Vinca Alkaloids

Taxanes

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32
Q

What chemo drugs target mitosis and segregation of DNA into daughter cells?

A

Vinca Alkaloids

Taxanes

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33
Q

What chemo drugs are cell cycle independent?

A

Alkylating agents: Cyclophosphamide
Platinum agents: cisplatin
Doxorubicin

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34
Q

What are the chemo drugs in the Alkylating agents category?

A 
Cyclophosphamide 
Chlorambucil 
Melphalan 
CCNU 
Ifosfamide
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35
Q

What is the mechanism of action for Alkylating agents?

A

Alkylate DNA bases
crosslinks
induce apoptosis

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36
Q

What is the toxicity associated with Cyclophosphamide?

A

Sterile hemorrhagic cystitis

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37
Q

What causes Sterile hemorrhagic cystitis?

A

Acrolein

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38
Q

How do you prevent Sterile hemorrhagic cystitis?

A

Give the medication in the AM and allow the animal to urinate often

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39
Q

What is the toxicity associated with CCNU?

A

Hepatotoxicity

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40
Q

What are the chemo drugs in the Antitumor Antibiotics category?

A

Doxorubicin
Mitoxantrone
Epirubicin

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41
Q

What is the mechanism of action for Antitumor Antibiotics?

A

Intercalation into DNA
Inhibition of topoisomerase II
Production of free radicals
Cell membrane damage

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42
Q

What do you use Mitoxantrone to treat?

A

Mast Cell tumors

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43
Q

What is the toxicity associated with Doxorubicin in dogs?

A

Cardiotoxic irreversibly after 6 doses

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44
Q

What is the toxicity associated with Doxorubicin in cats?

A

Nephrotoxic

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45
Q

What are the chemo drugs in the Spindle Toxins category?

A

Vinca Alkaloids: VIncristine and Vinblastine

Taxanes: Paclitaxel and Docetaxel

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46
Q

What is the mechanism of action for Spindle Toxins?

A

Cell cycle specific M-phase

bind tubulin/interfere with Mitotic spindle formation or microtubule disassembly

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47
Q

What are the toxicities associated with Vincristine?

A

Myelosuppressive
GI
Peripheral neuropathy
tissue irritation

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48
Q

What is the reaction associated with Taxanes?

A

high rate of allergic reactions

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49
Q

What is the mechanism of action for Platinum drugs?

A

Platinum binds to DNA causing crosslinks

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50
Q

What are the chemo drugs in the Platinum category?

A

Cisplatin

Carboplatin

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51
Q

What is the toxicity associated with Cisplatin and cats?

A

Fatal idiosyncratic pulmonary edema in cats

Cisplat = “Cats go splat”

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52
Q

What are the toxicities associated with Platinum Chemo drugs?

A

Vomiting
Nephrotoxicity
Fatal idiosyncratic pulmonary edema in cats

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53
Q

What are the reasons for chemotherapy failure?

A

Pharmacologic
Kinetic issues
Cellular resistance
MDR/ABCB1

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54
Q

What is the mutation associated with toxicity with chemotherapy?

A

MDR-1

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55
Q

What do you treat TCC with?

A

Piroxicam (NSAID)

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56
Q

What tumors can be treated with NSAIDs?

A 
Carcinomas: 
Bladder
Prostate
Oral cavity 
Nasal 
Mammary gland tumors
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57
Q

What is the mechanism of action for Toceranib?

A

Tyrosine kinase inhibitor

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58
Q

Radiation Dose

A

Amount of radiation absorbed by the patient

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59
Q

ERBT

A

(external beam ration therapy) Radiation delivered from outside the body using a machine to aim high energy x or gamma rays at the tumors

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60
Q

Fraction

A

individual administration of dose radiation

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61
Q

What are the 5 Rs of radiation therapy?

A 
Repair 
Repopulation 
Redistribution 
Reoxygenation 
Radiosensitive
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62
Q

SRS

A

Stereotactic radiosurgery

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63
Q

SRT

A

Stereotactic radiation therapy

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64
Q

When would you use Cryotherapy?

A

superficial lesions only

less than 1-1.5 cm

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65
Q

What is the premise for the use of Electrochemotherapy?

A

electrical impulse can open channels in cells that chemotherapy has the potential to enter into those cells

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66
Q

Definition of Lymphoma

A

malignant tumor of lymphoid tissue

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67
Q

How do yo diagnose Lymphoma?

A

FNA/Cytology

LN Tissue Biopsy

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68
Q

Where does Lymphoma metastasize to?

A

LNs
Liver
Bone marrow

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69
Q

What syndrome is associated with Lymphoma?

A

Paraneoplastic syndrome

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70
Q

What are the Chemotherapy drugs with activity against Lymphoma?

A 
Prednisone/Dex
Doxorubicin
Vincristine
Cyclophosphamide
L-Asparaginase
CCNU
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71
Q

What is the single strongest agent against Lymphoma?

A

Doxorubicin

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72
Q

What are the clinical signs associated with Lymphoma?

A 
Generalized painless lymphadenopathy 
weight loss
anorexia 
lethargy 
secondary to paraneoplastic syndrome
Anemia
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73
Q

What is the multi agent protocol for High grade Lymphoma?

A

CHOP

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74
Q

What is the remission duration associated with Doxorubicin used in the treatment of High grade Lymphoma?

A

6-7 months

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75
Q

What is the remission duration associated with the CHOP protocol used in the treatment of High grade Lymphoma?

A

9-12 months

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76
Q

Which has a better prognosis B cell Lymphoma or T cell Lymphoma?

A

B cell

“B is better”

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77
Q

What should you consider in the treatment of localized lymphoma?

A

Surgery or radiation

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78
Q

How often should you recheck for lymphoma?

A

every 1-2 months

aspirate small nodes

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79
Q

What treatment would you consider for Low Grade Lymphoma?

A

Prednisone

Chlorambucil

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80
Q

What is the MST for low grade Lymphoma?

A

1.5 years +

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81
Q

How do you diagnose lymphoma in a feline?

A 
MDB
FNA/cytology 
Radiographs
Endoscopy 
Surgical Exploratory 
BIOPSY: GIT, Liver, Spleen, and nodes
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82
Q

Where is the most common anatomic location for Feline Lymphoma?

A

GI tract

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83
Q

What are the clinical signs for GI lymphoma in a feline?

A

inappetance
vomiting
weight loss
diarrhea

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84
Q

How do you treat Lymphocytic Lymphoma in Felines?

A

Prednisone

Chlorambucil

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85
Q

What is the MST for Lymphocytic Lymphoma in Felines?

A

2 years

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86
Q

What is the treatment for GI/Multicentric Lymphoblastic Lymphoma in Felines?

A

CHOP protocol

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87
Q

What is the MST for GI/Multicentric Lymphoblastic Lymphoma in Felines?

A

2.5 years +

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88
Q

What is the treatment for Colonic Lymphoma in Felines?

A

Surgical biopsy/mass removal

Chemo

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89
Q

What is the MST for colonic Lymphoma in felines?

A

3-4 months

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90
Q

What are the clinical signs for Mediastinal/Thymic Lymphoma in Felines?

A

Dyspnea

dull lung sounds

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91
Q

How do you diagnose Mediastinal/Thymic Lymphoma in Felines?

A

Radiographs

U/S guided FNA

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92
Q

How do you treat Mediastinal/Thymic Lymphoma in Felines?

A

CHOP Protocol

Surgery or Radiation for localized lesion

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93
Q

What is the Remission time for Mediastinal/Thymic Lymphoma in Felines?

A

6 months

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94
Q

What are the clinical signs for Lymphoid Leukemia?

A 
Vague eight loss 
Vomiting 
Diarrhea
lethargy 
lymphadenopathy 
splenomegaly 
Thrombocytopenia 
Anemia 
neutropenia
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95
Q

How do you diagnose Lymphoid Leukemia?

A

MDB

Flow cytometry

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96
Q

How do you treat Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia?

A

Prednisone

CHOP

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97
Q

What is the MST for Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia?

A

5 months

98
Q

What are the clinical signs for Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia?

A

Anorexia
Weight loss
lethargy

99
Q

How do you diagnose Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia?

A

Bone marrow aspirate

Flow Cytometry

100
Q

What is the treatment for Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia?

A

Chlorambucil + prednisone if there are clinical signs

101
Q

What is the MST Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia?

A

1-3 years

102
Q

What are the clinical signs for Multiple Myeloma?

A 
lethargy 
inappetance
lameness
CNS signs 
bleeding
103
Q

How do you diagnose Multiple Myeloma?

A 
MDB
MONOCLONAL GAMMOPATHY! 
Radiographs 
Ultrasound FNA of liver and spleen 
Electrophoresis 
Bone Marrow Aspirate
104
Q

What are the four requirements for Multiple Myeloma?

A
  1. Plasma cell infiltrate in bone marrow or other organs (spleen or liver)
  2. Monoclonal gammopathy in serum
  3. Monoclonal gammopathy in urine
  4. Osteolytic bone lesions
105
Q

What is the treatment for Multiple Myeloma?

A

Melphalon - oral
Prednisone
Cyclophosphamide and Chlorambucil are effective

106
Q

What is the MST for Multiple Myeloma in a dog?

A

18 months

107
Q

What is the MST for Multiple Myeloma in a cat?

A

8 months +

108
Q

What are the neoplastic Histiocystic diseases?

A

Histiocytic Sarcoma Malignant Histiocystosis

109
Q

What are the non neoplastic Histiocystic diseases?

A

Cutaneous Histiocytosis

Systemic Histiocytosis

110
Q

What is the treatment for Histiocytoma?

A

Self-limiting: resolve in weeks

111
Q

Where do you often find Histocytic Sarcoma?

A

Skin/SQ
Spleen
Lung

112
Q

What staging should you perform if you suspect Histocytic Sarcoma?

A

Regional LN aspirate
Thoracic radiographs
Abdominal ultrasound
Bone marrow aspirate

113
Q

What is the treatment for Histocytic Sarcoma without metastases?

A

Surgery

radiation

114
Q

What is the prognosis for Histocytic Sarcoma without metastases?

A

1 year +

115
Q

What chemotherapy can you use with Histocytic Sarcoma?

A

CCNU/Doxorubicin

Prednisone

116
Q

What are the clinical signs for Polycythemia Vera?

A

Lethargy
Anorexia
seizures/ataxia

117
Q

How do you diagnose Polycythemia Vera?

A

MDB: erythrocytosis
Ultrasound
Radiographs

118
Q

What is the treatment for Polycythemia Vera?

A

Phlebotomy - 20ml/kg

Chemo: Hydroxyurea, Busulfan or other alkylating agents

119
Q

What the prognosis for Polycythemia Vera?

A

1-3 years

120
Q

What is the most common skin tumor in dogs?

A

Mast cell Tumors

121
Q

What are the clinical signs of Mast cell Tumors?

A 
pruritic 
asymptomatic 
GI signs: anorexia, vomiting 
Hives 
Wheezing 
Hypotension 
Anaphylactoid rxns
122
Q

How do you diagnose Mast cell Tumors?

A 
FNA/Cytology
Staging: 
LN aspirate 
Abdominal Ultrasound: Liver and Spleen aspirates
Thoracic radiographs 
Bone Marrow aspirate
123
Q

What is the treatment for Mast cell Tumors?

A

Surgery - DO NOT USE MORPHINE!
Radiation therapy
if non-resectable: CCNU, Vinblastine, toceranib, and Prednisone
Symptomatic therapy

124
Q

What is the MST for high grade Mast cell Tumors?

A

6-12 months

125
Q

What is the most common form of Feline Mast cell Tumors?

A

Mastocystic

126
Q

Where is the most common place for cutaneous Mast cell Tumors in cats?

A

Head and neck

Pinnae and base of ear

127
Q

How do you diagnose cutaneous Mast cell Tumors in cats?

A

FNA/cytology

128
Q

What is the treatment for cutaneous Mast cell Tumors in cats?

A

Surgery for localized lesions

if not resectable: CCNU, vinblastine, toceranib, and prednisone

129
Q

What is the treatment for Diffuse miliary cutaneous Mast cell Tumors in cats?

A 
CCNU
Vinblastine 
Prednisone 
Toceranib 
Symptomatic therapy
130
Q

What is the treatment for splenic Mast cell Tumors in cats?

A

Surgery + chemo

131
Q

What is the MST for splenic Mast cell Tumors in cats?

A

12-19 months

132
Q

What is the treatment of choice for intestinal Mast cell Tumors in cats?

A

Chemo

133
Q

Feline Vaccine Associated Sarcoma

A

Tumor development 1 month to 10 years post vaccination

134
Q

How do you diagnose Feline Vaccine Associated Sarcoma?

A

FNA/Cytology

Tissue biopsy

135
Q

Where do Feline Vaccine Associated Sarcoma metastasize to?

A

Lungs
Skin
LNs

136
Q

What staging is recommended for Feline Vaccine Associated Sarcoma?

A

CT scan

Thoracic radiographs

137
Q

What is the treatment for Feline Vaccine Associated Sarcoma?

A

Surgery

NO MARGINAL RESECTION

138
Q

What is the most common primary bone tumor in dogs?

A

Osteosarcoma

139
Q

What tumors can spread to the bone?

A

Anal sac
Mammary
TCC

140
Q

Where does Osteosarcoma metastasize to?

A

Lungs

Bones

141
Q

Where is Osteosarcoma located?

A

“Towards the knee and away from the elbow”

Mandible and maxilla

142
Q

What are the contributing factors to Osteosarcoma?

A

Multiple minor trauma with weight bearing
Metallic implants
Chronic osteomyelitis
Fractures with no internal stabilization
Exposure to ionizing radiation
Bone infarcts

143
Q

What staging would you want to perform with Osteosarcoma?

A

Thoracic and Appendicular Radiographs
FNA
Bone Scintigraphy

144
Q

What are the clinical signs associated with Osteosarcoma?

A

Lameness
swelling
PAIN
pathologic fractures

145
Q

What has a better prognosis for Osteosarcoma?

A

Location: Mandible

146
Q

What has the worst prognosis with Osteosarcoma?

A

Scapular Osteosarcoma

147
Q

What is the treatment for Osteosarcoma?

A 
Surgery: Amputation or Limb Sparing 
Radiation Therapy
Chemo: Carboplatin, Doxorubicin, Cisplatin 
Pain Meds
Bisphosphonates
148
Q

What is the mechanism of action for Bisphosphonates?

A

reduce bone turnover

149
Q

What is the most common malignant tumor in the dog?

A

Melanoma

150
Q

What is the most common benign tumor in dogs?

A

Ameloblastoma

151
Q

What is the most common malignant tumor in cats?

A

Squamous cell carcinoma

152
Q

What is the most common thyroid cancer in the dog?

A

Thyroid carcinoma

153
Q

What is the most common thyroid cancer in the cat?

A

Thyroid Adenoma

154
Q

What are the clinical signs of Oral cancer?

A 
Ptyalism 
Odor
Changes in chewing 
Decreased appetite
Oral bleeding
155
Q

How do you diagnose Oral cancer?

A

FNA
Incisional biopsy
CT SCAN!

156
Q

Where does Melanoma metastasize to?

A

Lungs
Liver
Submandibular LNs

157
Q

What staging tests are performed on Melanoma?

A

CT SCAN!
Thoracic radiographs
Abdominal ultrasound
LN aspirate

158
Q

What is the treatment for Melanoma?

A

Surgery
Radiation
Chemo: Carboplatin

159
Q

What is the MST for melanoma?

A

7-17 months

160
Q

What is the treatment for Fibrosarcoma?

A

Surgery + radiation

161
Q

What is the MST for Fibrosarcoma?

A

18-26 months

162
Q

What is the treatment for Canine Squamous cell carcinoma?

A

Surgery

Radiation

163
Q

What is the MST for Canine Squamous cell carcinoma?

A

26-36 months

164
Q

What is the treatment for Feline Squamous cell carcinoma?

A

Surgery

Radiation

165
Q

Where does Feline Squamous cell carcinoma metastasize to?

A

LNs

166
Q

What is the MST for Feline Squamous cell carcinoma?

A

14 months

167
Q

What is the treatment for Feline Fibrosarcoma?

A

Surgical excision

Radiation

168
Q

What is the most common benign tumor of the oral cavity?

A

Ameloblastoma (Epulis)

169
Q

What is the treatment for Ameloblastoma?

A

Surgical resection

Radiation

170
Q

What is the MST for Ameloblastoma?

A

5 years +

171
Q

What are the clinical signs of Nasal cancer?

A

Nasal discharge
Sneezing
Epistaxis
Facial swelling and distortion

172
Q

What are sites of Metastasis for Nasal Cancer?

A

Lungs

LNs

173
Q

What are the staging tests performed for Nasal cancer?

A

Thoracic radiographs

FNA of LNs

174
Q

What is the treatment for Nasal cancer?

A

Radiation!
Chemo: CHOP or Carboplatin is palliative
NSAIDs

175
Q

What are the clinical signs of Thyroid cancer in dogs?

A

Dysphagia
Dysphonia
Horner’s syndrome
Hyperthyroidism

176
Q

How do you diagnose Thyroid cancer in a dog?

A

Ultrasound/CT scan
FNA/cytology
NO INCISIONAL BIOPSY!

177
Q

What staging tests do you perform on thyroid cancer in dogs?

A 
Thoracic radiographs/ CT or MRI!!!!
Scintigraphy
FNA/Cytology of LNs
Ultrasound abdomen 
MDB + T4
178
Q

Where does Thyroid cancer metastasize to in dogs?

A

Lungs
LNs
Bones
Abdomen

179
Q

What is the treatment for Canine Thyroid Tumor?

A

Surgery

If non resectable: Radiation

180
Q

What is the MST for canine Thyroid Tumors?

A

2-3 years

181
Q

What is the treatment for Feline Thyroid Tumors?

A

Surgery

Methimazole

182
Q

What is the most common tumor of the Bladder?

A

Transitional cell carcinoma

183
Q

What is the most common tumor of the urethra?

A

Transitional cell carcinoma

184
Q

What are the clinical signs for canine transitional cell carcinoma?

A

Hematuria
Dysuria
Stranguria
Pollakiuria

185
Q

How do you diagnose canine TCC?

A 
MDB 
Urinalysis + culture 
Abdominal imaging 
Radiographs
Ultrasound bladder
Cystoscopy
186
Q

Why do you not perform FNA on canine TCC?

A

tumor seeding

187
Q

How do you stage canine TCC?

A

Abdominal ultrasound/CT

188
Q

Where does canine TCC metastasize to?

A

LN

Lungs

189
Q

What is the treatment for canine TCC?

A

Surgery for apically located TCC
Cystectomy
Adjuvant Chemo: Piroxicam and Mitoxantrone

190
Q

Where does Prostatic cancer metastasize to?

A

Lungs
LNs
Bone

191
Q

What diagnostic tests should be perform for Prostatic cancer?

A

FNA
Abdominal radiographs
Ultrasound
Chest radiographs or CT - Lung and bone mets

192
Q

What is the treatment for canine Prostatic cancer?

A

Piroxicam (NSAIDs)
Radiation therapy
Urethral stents

193
Q

What is the MST for canine prostatic cancer?

A

1-7 months with NSAIDs and Radiation

Radiation + chemo = 14-18months

194
Q

What mammary glands are most commonly affected with cancer in dogs?

A

Caudal (4,5)

195
Q

What diagnostic tests should be performed for Mammary gland tumors?

A

Thoracic and abdominal imaging

196
Q

Where do Mammary gland tumors metastasize to?

A

Lungs
Liver
Bone

197
Q

What is the treatment for Canine Mammary tumors?

A 
Lumpectomy 
Mammectomy 
Mastectomy 
OHE recommended
Chemo: Carboplatin + NSAIDs
198
Q

What factors are NOT prognostic for Canine Mammary tumors?

A 
Number of tumors
Glands involved
Type of surgery 
Age 
breed
weight
199
Q

Where do Feline Mammary gland tumors metastasize to?

A 
LNs
Lungs
Pleura
Liver 
Kidneys
Adrenals
200
Q

What are the diagnostic and staging tests for feline Mammary gland tumors?

A

Thoracic and abdominal imaging

CT

201
Q

What is the treatment for Feline Mammary gland tumors?

A

Complete mastectomy
OHE
Chemo: Carboplatin and Piroxicam, Doxorubicin

202
Q

What is the MST for Feline Mammary gland tumors?

A

8 months - 3 years

203
Q

What is the most common Primary Pulmonary Mass in cats?

A

Adenocarcinoma

204
Q

Where do pulmonary pulmonary masses in dogs metastasize to?

A

Lung
LN
Bone
Nervous system

205
Q

Where do primary pulmonary masses in cats metastasize to?

A

Digits

206
Q

What are the diagnostic tests for Primary pulmonary masses?

A

Thoracic Radiographs
FNA/US
Cytology
CT scan

207
Q

What is the treatment for primary pulmonary masses?

A

Surgery for solitary lung tumors

208
Q

What is the MST for canine primary pulmonary masses?

A

13 months

209
Q

What is the prognosis for primary pulmonary tumors in cats?

A

115 days

210
Q

What is the treatment of choice for Metastatic pulmonary neoplasia?

A

Chemotherapy

211
Q

What are the diagnostic tests for Thymoma?

A

Thoracic radiographs
US FNA
Cytology
Flow cytometry

212
Q

What is the treatment for Thymoma?

A

Surgery

213
Q

What is the MST for thymoma in dogs?

A

2.5months - 2years+

214
Q

What is the MST for thymoma in cats?

A

5 years

215
Q

What is the most common cardiac tumor in cats?

A

Lymphoma

216
Q

What is the treatment for Hemangiosarcoma in dogs?

A

Surgery: Pericardiectomy + resection
Chemo: Doxorubicin

217
Q

What is the MST for Hemangiosarcoma in dogs?

A

1 month - 6 months

218
Q

What is the diagnostic approach for Hemangiosarcoma of the heart?

A 
MDB
ECG 
Echocardiogram 
US guided FNA
Cardiac troponin I
219
Q

What cancers metastasize to the liver?

A

Lymphoma
mast cell
histiocytic sarcoma

220
Q

Are malignant tumors of the liver more common in dogs or cats?

A

dogs

221
Q

What are the diagnostic tests for Hepatobiliary neoplasia?

A

MDB
Abdominal imaging
Abdominal ultrasound - FNA
CT scan

222
Q

What is the treatment for Hepatobiliary tumors?

A

surgery

223
Q

What is the prognosis for Hepatocellular carcinoma in cats?

A

Guarded to poor

224
Q

What are the diagnostic tests for GI c cancer?

A 
MDB
Abdominal radiographs 
contrast radiography 
Abdominal ultrasound 
Thoracic imaging for mets
225
Q

What is the most common SI tumor in dogs?

A

Lymphoma

226
Q

What is the treatment for Lymphoma in the SI of the dog?

A

Chemo

227
Q

What is the treatment for Carcinoma and Leiomyoma/Leimyosarcoma in the Si of dogs?

A

Surgery

228
Q

What is the most common SI tumor in cats?

A

Lymphoma

229
Q

What is the treatment for Lymphoma in the SI of the cats?

A

Chemo

230
Q

What is the treatment for Carcinoma and Leiomyoma/Leimyosarcoma in the Si of cats?

A

Surgery

231
Q

What are the most common tumors of the spleen in dogs?

A

Sarcomas

232
Q

What are the most common tumors of the spleen in cats?

A

Spleen

233
Q

How do you diagnose Splenic Hemangiosarcoma?

A 
Abdominal Radiographs 
Abdominal ultrasound
Thoracic radiographs 
Thoracic/Cardiac ultrasound
Abdominocentesis
FNA/Cytology
234
Q

Where does Splenic Hemangiosarcoma metastasize to?

A

Liver

Lungs

235
Q

What is the treatment for Splenic Hemangiosarcoma?

A

Stabilize!

Surgery

236
Q

What is the MST for Splenic Hemangiosarcoma with surgery?

A

1.5-3 months

237
Q

What is the MST for Splenic Hemangiosarcoma with surgery and chemo?

A

68 days - 200 days

238
Q

What is the protocol for chemotherapy with Splenic Hemangiosarcoma?

A

Doxorubicin + (Cyclophosphamide or Deracoxib)

Toceranib

239
Q

Where does Anal Sac Adenocarcinoma metastasize to?

A

LNs

Lungs

240
Q

What staging tests do you perform with Anal Sac Adenocarcinoma?

A

Thoracic and Abdominal Radiographs

241
Q

What is the treatment of choice for Anal Sac Adenocarcinoma?

A

Surgery
Radiation
Chemo: Carboplatin or toceranib

242
Q

What is the MST for Anal Sac Adenocarcinoma?

A

1-1.5 years

RUSVM Small Animal Medicine II 2017 (4 decks)

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