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RUSVM Small Animal Medicine II 2017 > Dermatology > Flashcards

Dermatology Flashcards

1
Q

Pruritis

A

Itch - unpleasant sensation of the skin that provokes the urge to scratch

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2
Q

What can lead to Pruritis in dogs?

A

Infection
Allergies
Parasites

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3
Q

What are the types of allergens that cause pruritis in dogs?

A 
Flea allergen
Atopy
Food hypersensitivity
Verminosis/mites
Contact hypersensitivity
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4
Q

Atopy

A

environmental allergen

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5
Q

What Ectoparasites cause pruritis in dogs?

A 
Sarcoptes
Demodecosis
Secondary pyoderma
Cheyletiella
Lice
Chiggers
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6
Q

What infections are the causes of pruritis in dogs?

A

Pyoderma - bacterial infections
Dermatophytosis
Yeasts

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7
Q

What is responsible for alopecia of the caudal dorsum in dogs?

A

Flea allergy dermatitis

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8
Q

What is responsible for feet licking and chewing in dogs?

A

Food allergy

atopy

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9
Q

What is responsible for alopecia of the Elbows and ears in dogs?

A

Sarcoptic mange

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10
Q

What causes seasonal pruritis?

A

Flea allergy
Atopy
Insect allergy

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11
Q

What causes non-seasonal pruritis?

A 
Scabies
Food allergy
Flea allergy
Atopy 
Secondary infections
Demodecosis
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12
Q

What is the scale used to Grade Pruritis?

A

Scale 1-10

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13
Q

What diseases are extremely pruritic?

A

Scabies
Flea bite allergy
Food allergy

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14
Q

If pruritis came before the lesions consider:

A

Allergies

Scabies

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15
Q

If lesions showed up before the pruritis consider:

A

Demodecosis

Dermatophytosis

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16
Q

What antibiotics cause allergic reactions?

A

Sulfonamides
Penicillins
Cephalosporins

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17
Q

What is the most common cause of skin disease?

A

Fleas

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18
Q

Primary Dermatological lesions

A

initial eruption that develops spontaneously as a direct reflection of the underlying disease
Appear and disappear quickly

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19
Q

Secondary Dermatological lesions

A

Evolve from primary lesions or are artifacts induced by the patients or by external factors such as trauma/biting/licking and medication
Stay around for a much longer time period

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20
Q

What are primary skin lesions?

A 
Macule or Patch 
Papule or plaque
Pustule
Vesicle or bulla
Wheal 
Nodule 
Tumor or cyst
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21
Q

What are characterized as primary or secondary lesions?

A 
Alopecia
Scale
Crust
Follicular casts
Comedo
Pigmentary abnormalities
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22
Q

What are secondary skin lesions?

A 
Epidermal collarette
Scar
Excoriation 
Erosion or ulcer
Fissure
Lichenification 
Callus
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23
Q

Macule

A

Flat spot (<1cm) on skin with change in skin color

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24
Q

Patch

A

Macule >1cm

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25
Q

Papule

A

Small, solid elevation in skin up to 1 cm in diameter

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26
Q

Plaque

A

Coalition of papules forming flat-topped elevation

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27
Q

What causes a plaque?

A

a Hotspot

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28
Q

Vesicle

A

Elevation of epidermis filled with clear fluid

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29
Q

Bulla

A

Vesicle > 1 cm in diameter

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30
Q

Wheal

A

Sharply delineated lesion of edema

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31
Q

What causes Wheals?

A

Hypersensitivity

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32
Q

Nodule

A

Solid raised palpable lesion > 1cm. Can include abscess (fluctuant lesion in dermis or SQ from pus)

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33
Q

Nodule: Tumor

A

Large palpable mass - neoplastic

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34
Q

Cyst

A

Epithelial lined cavity with solid or fluid material

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35
Q

Alopecia

A

Absence of hair from area where it is normally present

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36
Q

Scale

A

Accumulation of loose fragments of horny layer of skin

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37
Q

Crust

A

Accumulation of dried serum, exudate on surface of skin

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38
Q

Follicular casts

A

Accumulation of keratin and sebaceous material stuck to a hair shaft

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39
Q

Comedone

A

Dilated hair follicle filled with debris

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40
Q

What breed is predisposed to Comedone?

A

Schnauzers

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41
Q

What causes Comedones?

A

Hyperthyroidism

Hyperadrenocorticism

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42
Q

Epidermal Collarette

A

Scale arranged in circular pattern

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43
Q

What is an epidermal collarette associated with?

A

Pustule
Vesicle
Bullae

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44
Q

Scar

A

Fibrous tissue has replaced the damaged dermis or s/c tissue

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45
Q

Excoriation

A

Linear abrasion of the skin

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46
Q

Erosion

A

Shallow ulcer that does not break the basal layer

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47
Q

Ulcer

A

Break in epidermis with exposure of dermis

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48
Q

Fissure

A

Linear cleavage (crack) in the epidermis or dermis caused by disease or injury

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49
Q

Lichenification

A

Thickening and hardening of the skin, note exaggerated skin lines

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50
Q

Callus

A

A localized hyperplasia of the stratum corneum of the epidermis caused by pressure or friction.

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51
Q

What is a common sites of Callus formation in dogs?

A

Elbows

lateral hock areas

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52
Q

What two dermatological parasites lead to eggs in the feces?

A

Hookworms

Sarcoptes

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53
Q

What are the surface mites seen on superficial skin scrape?

A 
Sarcoptes
Notoedres
Otodectes
Cheyletiella
Demodex gatoi in cats
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54
Q

What are follicular parasites?

A

Demodex spp.

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55
Q

Anagen hair

A

active growth phase for the hair

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56
Q

Telogen hair

A

the hair has achieved maximum growth and is dying

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57
Q

What can you see on Acetate tape impression smear?

A

bacteria
fungi
yeasts

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58
Q

What type of hypersensitivity is Flea Allergic Dermatitis?

A

Type 1 Hypersensitivity

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59
Q

What is the most common allergic skin condition in dogs and cats?

A

Flea Allergic Dermatitis

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60
Q

Where is Flea Allergy Dermatitis distributed?

A 
Lumbo-sacral distribution 
Tail base
Caudo-medial thighs
Ventral abdomen 
Flanks
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61
Q

What do cats present with with Flea Allergy Dermatitis?

A

Miliary dermatitis

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62
Q

What can be seen with Flea Allergy Dermatitis?

A 
Pruritic crusting eruption 
secondary erythema
seborrhea
excoriation
pyoderma
hyperpigmentation 
lichenification
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63
Q

Seborrhea

A

Scaly skin

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64
Q

What is a more definitive diagnostic test for Flea allergy dermatitis?

A

Flea Antigen Test Intradermal flea allergy test

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65
Q

What is the treatment for Flea Allergy Dermatitis?

A

Flea eradication

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66
Q

What are the three types of flea eradication products?

A

Knock down product
Insect growth regulator
Environmental control

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67
Q

What does Advantage treat?

A

kills adult fleas before they lay eggs and prevent eggs from being shed

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68
Q

What does Revolution treat?

A

Kills adult fleas and prevents eggs from hatching

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69
Q

What does Vectra 3D treat?

A

prevents development of flea eggs and Larvae

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70
Q

What does Promeris treat?

A

kills fleas

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71
Q

What type of hypersensitivity is Atopy?

A

Type 1 Hypersensitivity

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72
Q

Atopy

A

Allergic dermatitis

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73
Q

What is the most common cause of Atopy?

A

House Dust Mites

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74
Q

What are the characteristic signs of Atopy?

A

Pruritis

Chronic or relapsing/seasonal signs

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75
Q

What is the age of onset for Atopy?

A

4 months to 7 years

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76
Q

Where is Atopy distributed?

A 
Paws
Face
Distal extremities
elbows
ventrum 
otitis
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77
Q

How do you diagnose Atopy?

A 
Serum test (RAST and ELISA tests)
Intradermal skin tests
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78
Q

What do Allergy tests detect?

A

Allergen-specific IgE

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79
Q

What is the gold standard for diagnosing Atopy?

A

Intradermal allergy testing

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80
Q

What are the three possible therapies for Atopy?

A

ASIT (Allergen-specific immunotherapy)
Allergen avoidance
Symptomatic relief

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81
Q

What are the two forms of allergy shots?

A

Subcutaneous immunotherapy

Sublingual immunotherapy

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82
Q

What is a weak therapy for the treatment of Atopy?

A

Antihistamines
Antidepressants
Essential fatty acids
Topical therapies

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83
Q

What is a fair therapy for the treatment of Atopy?

A

Skin lipid therapy

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84
Q

What is a strong therapy for the treatment of Atopy?

A

Glucocorticoids
Cyclosporine A
Oclacitinib

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85
Q

How does Skin Lipid complex work?

A

restores the epidermal barrier

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86
Q

What are the side effects of Corticosteroids?

A 
PU/PD
Polyphagia
Weight Loss
Iatrogenic hyperadrenocorticism
Iatrogenic hypoadrenocorticism with sudden withdrawal 
Susceptible to infections 
Urinary incontinence 
Behavior changes
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87
Q

What is Cyclosporine A?

A

Anti-allergic and immunosuppressive

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88
Q

What are the side effects of Cyclosporine A?

A

V/D

exacerbates skin infections

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89
Q

How does Oclacitinib work?

A

Janus kinase inhibitor - JAK1 and JAK 3 enzymes

Decreases itching and inflammation

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90
Q

What are the first antihistamines used?

A

Hydroxyzine and Citirizine

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91
Q

What are the second antihistamines used?

A

Clemastine

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92
Q

What are the clinical signs associated with Adverse food reactions?

A 
Vomiting
diarrhea
abdominal discomfort
bloat
Dermatological signs
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93
Q

Food idiosyncrasy

A

Resembles food allergy but does not involve immune system

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94
Q

Food poisoning

A

Direct non-immune response to a food or toxin

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95
Q

Pharmacological reaction

A

Drug-like or pharmacological effect of food on host

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96
Q

Food indiscretion

A

Gluttony, pica, or ingestion of indigestible material

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97
Q

What does Lactose intolerance cause?

A

diarrhea
bloating
abdominal discomfort

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98
Q

What fish contains histamine and vasoamine?

A

Mackerel

Tuna

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99
Q

What does Acute Food Allergy cause?

A

Systemic consequences
Respiratory distress
Vascular collapse
Urticaria

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100
Q

What are the antigens related with Food allergies?

A

Proteins
Glycoproteins
Carbohydrates

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101
Q

What are the most common food antigens in dogs and cats?

A

Beef protein

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102
Q

What food is food allergy in dogs related to?

A

Beef protein

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103
Q

What food is food allergy in cats related to?

A

Beef protein

Fish

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104
Q

What type of hypersensitivity are food allergies commonly?

A

Type 1 hypersensitivity

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105
Q

What are the clinical signs of food allergies?

A

Pruritis
Hyperemia
Angioedema
Local reaction in GIT: Diarrhea, Abdominal discomfort/bloating, vomiting

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106
Q

What is the third most common hypersensitivity skin disease?

A

Food Allergies

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107
Q

What is the age of onset for food allergies?

A

less than 1 year of age

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108
Q

What time of year does food allergies happen at?

A

Non-seasonal - more in summer when wet and humid

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109
Q

What Primary type of lesions do you see with food allergies?

A 
local or generalized pruritis
Recurrent moist dermatitis
Papules
Erythema
Wheals
Plaques/pustules
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110
Q

What secondary type of lesions do you see with food allergies?

A 
Excoriation 
Crusting
Hyperpigmentation
lichenification 
ulcers due to deep scratches
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111
Q

Where are the lesions localized with food allergies on dogs?

A 
Muzzle
Ears
Distal limbs
Paws
Axillae
Groin region
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112
Q

Where are the lesions localized with food allergies on cats?

A

Head
Face
Pinnae
Neck

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113
Q

What clinical signs are sometimes seen with food allergies?

A

Vomiting
diarrhea
Colic

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114
Q

What is the treatment for food allergies?

A

Positive response to an elimination diet

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115
Q

How long does it take for food allergies to improve in dogs?

A

3 weeks

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116
Q

What is the biggest limitation for food allergy treatment?

A

Owner compliance

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117
Q

How do you diagnose food allergies?

A

Intradermal skin testing
ELISA Serology
Colonoscopy allergen provocation
Skin biopsy

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118
Q

What are the three options available for treatment of food allergies?

A

Low allergy commercial diet
Homemade hypoallergenic diet
Hydrolyzed protein diet

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119
Q

Hydrolyzed protein diet

A

Protein is hydrolyzed into small particles less than 10,000 Daltons

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120
Q

Urticaria

A

Hives

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121
Q

Angioedema

A

Swelling of the subcutaneous tissue of the neck and face

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122
Q

How do you treat Urticaria and Angioedema?

A

Remove the antigen
Injectable antihistamines
Injectable steroids
Dyspnea

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123
Q

What is the type of hypersensitivity for Contact Dermatitis?

A

Type 4 Hypersensitivity reaction

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124
Q

What causes contact dermatitis?

A

Prolonged exposure with an offending surface

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125
Q

What are the clinical signs of contact dermatitis?

A

Pruritic lesions
Hairless areas
Lips affected if food bowl is the cause
Neck lesions if the collar is the problem

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126
Q

How do you diagnose Contact Dermatitis?

A

Rule out differential
Patch Test
Histopathology

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127
Q

What is the treatment for Contact Dermatitis?

A

Identify and remove the offending allergen

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128
Q

What are the common ectoparasites of dogs?

A 
Sarcoptes
Demodecosis 
Cheyletiella
Lice
Chiggers
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129
Q

What results in intense pruritis?

A

Sarcoptic mange

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130
Q

Clinical signs of Sarcoptic mange?

A 
Positive pinnal pedal reflex
intensely pruritic
poorly steroid responsive
sparsely haired areas
Secondary weight loss
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131
Q

What areas are affected by Sarcoptic mange?

A

Hocks
elbows
pinnal margins
ventral abdomen and chest

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132
Q

How do you diagnose Sarcoptic mange?

A

Response to treatment
Positive pinnal-pedal reflex
Fecal Flotation

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133
Q

How do you treat Sarcoptic mange?

A

Topical dips: anti-seborrheic shampoo

Topical spot on or systemic: Selamectin, Moxidectin, Ivermectin, Milbemycin, Fipronil

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134
Q

How is demodex transmitted?

A

during the first three days of life during suckling

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135
Q

What does Demodex cause?

A

Parasitic folliculitis

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136
Q

Clinical signs of Demodex

A

Focal and patchy alopecia

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137
Q

Pododermatitis

A

Inflammation between the paws

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138
Q

Localized Demodecosis

A

One to several well circumscribed erythematous, scaly, non-pruritic areas of alopecia on the face and fore-limbs

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139
Q

Generalized Demodecosis

A

less than 12 lesions Coalescing over the general body

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140
Q

How do you diagnose Demodecosis?

A

Deep Skin scrapes
Biopsy
Histopathology

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141
Q

What is the treatment for Localized Demodecosis?

A

Heals spontaneously

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142
Q

What is the treatment for Generalized Demodecosis?

A

Long term treatment of Amitraz for 3 weeks

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143
Q

What should you avoid with Demodecosis?

A

Steroids

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144
Q

What are the clinical signs of Cheyletiella?

A

Walking dandruff
Scaling
Pruritis
Papular crusts

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145
Q

How do you diagnose Cheyletiella?

A

Seen with the naked eye crawling on fur

Acetate tape test

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146
Q

Treatment of Cheyletiella

A

Topical: Shampoos, Spot-ons

Treat environments

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147
Q

What causes Hookworm dermatitis?

A

Ancylostoma

Uncinaria

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148
Q

What are the clinical signs of Hookworm dermatitis?

A 
Interdigital areas
areas in contact with the ground 
Intensely pruritic
Erythema
alopeica 
thickening
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149
Q

How do you diagnose Hookworm dermatitis?

A

Fecal flotation

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150
Q

Where on the body do you find Chiggers?

A

legs
head
abdomen

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151
Q

Where on the body do you find chiggers on cats?

A

inside the ears

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152
Q

How do you diagnose Chiggers?

A

Skin scrapes
Red color
Clinical signs

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153
Q

How do you treat Chiggers?

A

Two pyrethrin dips spaced 2 weeks apart

Topical antiparasitic drugs

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154
Q

What are the four types of surface pyoderma?

A

Pyotraumatic pyoderma
Intertrigo
Mucocutaneous pyoderma
Bacterial overgrowth

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155
Q

Impetigo

A

a condition that occurs in puppies on their ventral abdomen from bacterial overgrowth

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156
Q

Furunculosis

A

infection has broken through follicle and into the skin

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157
Q

Cellulitis

A

infection of the fat under the dermis

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158
Q

What is an exampled of Surface pyoderma?

A

Hotspot

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159
Q

Surface pyderma

A

Surface of skin

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160
Q

Superficial pyoderma

A

Epidermal layer and/or hair follicles, papules, pustules, epidermal collarettes, crusts

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161
Q

Deep pyoderma

A

Dermal layer or subcutis plus follicles. Exudation of blood and/or pus, crusting, odor ulceration, tract fistula, swelling

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162
Q

How do you treat surface mixed pyoderma?

A

Topically

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163
Q

How do you treat superficial staphylococcus pyoderma?

A

Systemic and topical

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164
Q

How do you treat deep pyoderma?

A

Systemic, long term, topical

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165
Q

What are the clinical signs of pyoderma?

A

Pustules
Papules
Crusts

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166
Q

How do you diagnose pyoderma?

A

Cytology of bacteria

Culture

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167
Q

When is a bacterial culture mandatory for pyoderma?

A 
less than 50% improvement within 2 weeks of treatment 
New lesions
Residual lesions at 6 weeks
Intracellular rods on cytology 
History of MRSA or MRSP
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168
Q

What do you culture for pyoderma?

A

Pustules
Under crusts
Epidermal collarettes

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169
Q

Why is Topical therapy important?

A

Decreases duration of systemic Antibiotics

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170
Q

When do you use Benzoyl Peroxide with pyoderma?

A

Pyoderma with oily seborrhea or comedones

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171
Q

When do you use Chlorhexidine with pyoderma?

A

Pyoderma with dry seborrhea or normal skin/coat

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172
Q

Mupirocin

A

bacteriostatic/bacteriocidal used topically and effective against Gram-positive including MRSA

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173
Q

Silver Sulfadiazine

A

topical antibacterial used topically on wounds, burns, and ear infections including Pseudomonas

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174
Q

What do you use for 1st tier pyoderma therapy?

A

Cephalosporins
Clavamox (Amoxicillin + Clavulanic acid)
Clindamycin

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175
Q

What do you use for 2nd tier pyoderma therapy?

A

Sulfas
Erythromycin
Lincomycin
Doxycycline

176
Q

What is used as a LAST RESORT for pyoderma therapy?

A

Fluoroquinolones

3rd generation cephalosporins

177
Q

For how long do you treat superficial pyoderma?

A

1 week beyond resolution

178
Q

For how long do you treat deep pyoderma?

A

2 weeks beyond resolution

179
Q

What type of pyoderma is Acute traumatic pyodermatitis?

A

Surface pyoderma

180
Q

What type of pyoderma is Puppy pyoderma/ impetigo?

A

Superficial pyoderma

181
Q

What type of pyoderma is Nasal folliculitis/furunculosis?

A

Superficial and deep pyoderma

182
Q

What type of pyoderma is Chin acne or chin pyoderma?

A

deep pyoderma

183
Q

What type of pyoderma is Lick granuloma (acral lick dermatitis)?

A

deep pyoderma

184
Q

Mucocutaneous pyoderma

A

Bacterial infection of the lips

185
Q

What are the clinical signs of Mucocutaneous pyoderma?

A

Mucocutaneous swelling
erythema
crusting
painful pruritic fissures

186
Q

How do you treat Mucocutaneous pyoderma?

A

Clip and clean the area

Mupirocin

187
Q

What are the clinical signs of Pyotraumatic dermatitis?

A

Lesion, red, moist, exudative crusting
Alopecia
painful lesions

188
Q

How do you treat Pyotraumatic dermatitits?

A

Clip and Clean area
Clean with antibacterial disinfectant
Topical treatment: Antibiotic/steroid

189
Q

What causes Impetigo?

A

Staphylococcus spp.

190
Q

What is the pathogenesis of Impetigo?

A

Poor husbandry

191
Q

What are the clinical signs of Impetigo?

A

Vesicles/pustules
Non-follicular pustules
Ventral hairless areas

192
Q

How do you diagnose Impetigo?

193
Q

How do you treat Impetigo?

A

Antibacterial shampoos

Topical antibiotics washes/creams

194
Q

What causes Superficial pyoderma?

A

Staphylococcus pseudintermedius

195
Q

What is the underlying cause for superficial pyoderma?

A

Self trauma

Parasitic infestation

196
Q

What are the 3 most common causes of folliculitis in dogs?

A

Bacterial
Dermatophytes
Demodex

197
Q

What can folliculitis progress to?

A

Furunculosis

cellulitis

198
Q

What are the clinical signs of Superficial pyoderma?

A 
Tiny pustules with hair shaft protruding from center
Follicular papule
Patchy focal alopecia 
Epidermal collarette
Scaling 
Seborrhea
Hyperpigmentation 
excoriation
199
Q

How do you diagnose Superficial pyoderma?

A

Recognition of lesions

Cytology from skin scrape

200
Q

How do you treat Superficial pyoderma?

A

Antibiotics for a minimum of 21-28 days

Antibacterial shampoo

201
Q

What is the physical component of the defense of the skin?

A

Compact stratum corneum

Lipid emulsion and intercellular cement

202
Q

What is the most important pathogen in deep pyoderma?

A

Staphylococcus pseudintermedius

203
Q

What predisposes skin to disease?

204
Q

What are the clinical signs of deep pyoderma?

A

Deep draining tracts
clusters of ulcers
necro-hemorrhagic purulent bullae or abscesses

205
Q

How do you diagnose Deep Pyoderma?

A

Cytology: Cocci found in pyogranulomatous exudate
Biopsy
Bacterial culture and antibiogram

206
Q

How do you treat deep pyoderma?

A

Topical management

Systemic antibiotics

207
Q

How long do you treat deep pyoderma?

A

2 weeks after resolution

208
Q

What are common antibiotics used to treat deep pyoderma?

A 
Amoxycillin - clavulanic acid 
Cephalexin 
Trimethoprim sulfas
Enrofloxacin 
Erythromycin
209
Q

What are the clinical signs of Actinomyces?

A

Subcutaneous abscesses, draining tracts

Thick yellow-grey hemorrhagic fowl-smelling exudate +/- sulphur granules

210
Q

How do dogs get Actinomyces?

A

infection from trauma, penetrating wounds

211
Q

How do you diagnose Actinomyces?

A

Anaerobic culture

Cytology

212
Q

How do you treat Actinomyces?

A

Surgical debulking

Long term Antibiotics: Clindamycin

213
Q

What type of bacteria is Actinomyces?

A

Gram positive anaerobic

214
Q

What type of bacteria is Nocardia?

A

Gram positive filamentous aerobe

215
Q

Clinical signs of Nocardia?

216
Q

How do you diagnose Nocardia?

A

FNA/Cytology
Histopathology
Culture

217
Q

How do you treat Nocardia?

A

Surgical debulking, drainage

Long term antibiotics

218
Q

What are the clinical signs of Mycobacteria?

A

Slowly developing subcutaneous nodules, non-healing abscesses, cellulitis, ulcer, fistulas
Drain sero-anguineous/purulent exudate
Regional lymph nodes enlarged

219
Q

How do you diagnose Mycobacteria?

A

Cytology
Histopathology
Culture

220
Q

How do you treat Mycobacteria?

A

Wide surgical excision

Long term antibiotics

221
Q

What are the clinical signs of Skin fold pyoderma/Intertrigo?

A

Moist malodorous pruritic in between skin folds

222
Q

Where do you find Skin fold pyoderma/Intertrigo?

A 
Lip fold in spaniels
facial folds in bulldogs
tail root folds
vulva folds
body folds in Shar Pei
223
Q

How do you diagnose Skin fold pyoderma/Intertrigo?

A

Clinical presentation

signalment

224
Q

What is the treatment for Skin fold pyoderma/Intertrigo?

A

Topical: Shampoos, rinses, topical antibiotics

225
Q

Where do you commonly find Malassezia dermatitis?

A 
Ear
Lip folds
ventral neck
Axilla
Interdigital 
Perianal
226
Q

What is Malassezia associated with?

A

Allergic dermatitis
Endocrinopathies
Keratinization disorders
Immunosuppression

227
Q

What are the clinical signs of Malassezia?

A 
Pruritis
Malodor
Erythema
Greasy scaly plaques
Paronychia
228
Q

Seborrhea oleosa

A

Greasy skin

229
Q

How do you diagnose Malassezia?

230
Q

How do you treat Malassezia?

A

Anti-yeast shampoos 2-3x week

Systemic: Ketoconazole, Itraconazole

231
Q

What are the clinical signs of Dermatophytosis?

A

Circular alopecia with scaling

232
Q

What is important about Dermatophytosis?

233
Q

What is the most common fungal infection of humans?

234
Q

How do you diagnose Dermatophytosis?

A

Wood’s Lamp
Microscopy of hair pluck
Fungal culture
Biopsy

235
Q

How do you manage Dermatophytosis?

A

Treat underlying diease
treat source
treat organism

236
Q

How do you treat Dermatophytosis?

A

Topical therapy:

Systemic therapy: Griseofulvin, Ketoconazole, Itraconazole

237
Q

How long do you treat for Dermatophytosis?

A

6-12 months

238
Q

What do you do for animals in catteries with dermatophytosis?

A

Separate infected animals
Treat the animals
Decontaminated the environment

239
Q

How does pruritis differ in cats from dogs?

A

Owner may not see pruritis

240
Q

How are skin lesions different in cats with pruritis?

A

Bilateral symmetrical hair loss with normal skin
Miliary dermatitis
Eosinophilic granuloma complex

241
Q

What are common skin conditions in cats?

A

Fleas

Ringworm

242
Q

What is the reason for hair loss if the hair is granular and course in cats?

A

Cat is licking itself

243
Q

What is the reason for hair loss if the hair is smooth in cats?

A

Hair is falling out by itself

244
Q

What ectoparasites are seen in cats?

A 
Notoedris
Demodex gatoi
Cheyletiella
Ectopic ear mites
Fur mites
245
Q

How do you diagnose Psychogenic alopecia in cats?

A

Diagnosis of rule out

246
Q

What causes symmetrical alopecia in cats on the medial thighs, ventral abdomen, and medial forelimbs?

247
Q

What areas of the cat are affected by symmetrical alopecia in cats?

A

Medial thighs
Ventral abdomen
Medial forelimbs

248
Q

What causes pruritic symmetrical alopecia in cats on the caudodersal aspect?

A

Flea bite dermatitis

249
Q

How do you treat Psychogenic symmetrical alopecia in cats?

A

Behaviour modification

Antipsychotics

250
Q

What areas of the cat are effected by atopic dermatitis?

A

medial thighs
ventrum
forelimbs
flanks

251
Q

Feliway

A

Pheromones released during birth used to soothe anxious cats

252
Q

What parts of the cat are affected by Notoedres cati?

A 
Pinna
face
neck
forelimbs
whole body
253
Q

What are the clinical signs of Notoedres cat?

A

Alopecia
wrinkled skin
papular rash
crusts

254
Q

How do you diagnose Notoedres cati?

A

Skin scrapes

255
Q

How do you treat Notoedres cati?

A

Lime sulphur dips
Ivermectin
Selamectin
Imidocloprid

256
Q

What are the side effects of Ivermectin used in cats?

A

Neurological problems

257
Q

How do you diagnose Demodex in cats?

A

Deep skin scrape

258
Q

What are the clinical signs of Demodex gatoi?

A

Alopecia
crusts
scaling
pruritis

259
Q

How do you treat Demodex gatoi?

A

Lime sulphur dips with Elizabethan collar

260
Q

What are the clinical signs of Fur mites in cats?

A

“salt and pepper” appearance of mites

Hair falls out easily

261
Q

How do you diagnose Fur mites in cats?

A

Acetate tape test

262
Q

How do you treat Fur mites in cats?

A 
Pyrethrin spray 
Lime sulphur dip
Fipronil spray 
Ivermectin 
Selamectin 
Milbemycin
263
Q

What endocrine diseases in cats cause Symmetrical alopecia?

A

Hyperthyroidism

Hyperadrenocorticism

264
Q

What non-pruritic lesions cause symmetrical alopecia in cats?

A

Pancreatic neoplasia

265
Q

What areas on the a cat are affect by Pancreatic neoplasia?

A

Ventrum and legs

266
Q

What are the clinical signs of Pancreatic neoplasia symmetrical alopecia?

A

“shiny appearance of the skin
Hair epilates easily
concurrent anorexia
lethargy

267
Q

Miliary dermatitis

A 
Crusted papule 
multifocal distribution of skin lesions with no identifiable pattern 
Erythema
secondary alopecia 
excoriations
268
Q

What is the most common cause of miliary dermatitis?

A

Flea allergic dermatitis

269
Q

What viruses can cause miliary dermatitis in cats?

A

Herpes
FIV
FeLV

270
Q

What are the three presentations of Eosinophilic granuloma complex?

A

Indolent ulcers
Eosinophilic plaques
Collagenolytic granuloma

271
Q

Indolent ulcer

A

well-circumscribed proliferative inflammatory lesions with a dish shaped ulcer centrally

272
Q

Where do you find Indolent ulcers in cats?

A

Upper or lower lip

273
Q

Eosinophilic plaque

A

well circumscribed reddish yellow ulcerated edematous intensely pruritic plaque

274
Q

What is eosinophilic plaque associated with in cats?

A

Allergic etiology

275
Q

Collagenolytic granuloma/eosinophilic granuloma

A

Well circumscribed linear or raised nodular firm yellow-pink lesion

276
Q

Where do you find Atypical eosinophilic granuloma on cats?

A

over the bridge of the nose, ear pinnae

277
Q

How do you diagnose Eosinophilic granuloma complex in cats?

A

Cytology
+/- culture
Biopsy
Histopathology

278
Q

What is the treatment for eosinophilic granuloma complex in cats?

A

Strict parasite control

Medical therapy: Glucocorticoids, Cyclosporine A

279
Q

What is the pathogenesis of Feline Acne?

A

Idiopathic disorder of follicular keratinization

280
Q

What are the clinical signs of Feline Acne?

A

Comedones on the chin and lower lip
Papules and pustules
Furunculosis and scaring

281
Q

What is the treatment for Feline Acne?

A

Treat secondary infection

Clip hair and clean the area with human acne preparation

282
Q

What are the infectious causes of Feline Acne?

A

Bacterial: Nocardia, Actinomyces, Mycobacterium
Fungal: Dermatomycoses

283
Q

What are the non-infectious causes of Feline Acne?

A

Panniculitis
Collagenolytic granuloma
Foreign bodies
Neoplasia

284
Q

What are the clinical signs of Feline Acne?

A

Nodules that open up and drain
Draining tracts
Draining fluid may be serous to purulent

285
Q

How do you diagnose Feline Acne?

A

Full dermatological examination

Skin biopsy

286
Q

How do you treat Feline Acne?

A

Treat underlying disease

287
Q

What are the two parts to the Tympanic membrane?

A

Pars flaccida

Pars tensa

288
Q

Bulging Pars tensa

A

Material in the tympanic bulla

289
Q

Otitis externa

A

Inflammation of the ear canal

290
Q

Predisposing causes of Otitis externa?

A 
Stenosis 
Hair in canals
Pendulous pinnae
swimmers ear
overactive glands
polyps
neoplasms
291
Q

Primary causes of Otits externa

A 
Parasites 
Microbes
Atopy 
food hypersensitivities
drug reactions 
contact hypersensitivity
Keratinization disorders
glandular disorders
autoimmune diseases
solar dermatitis
292
Q

Perpetuating factors of Otitis externa

A 
Bacteria 
yeast 
topical reactions
foreign bodies 
Epidermal hyperplasia
hyperkeratosis 
dermal edema or fibrosis 
lumen stenosis 
cartilage mineralization 
tympanic membrane changes 
middle ear disease
293
Q

What do you do if the ear is too inflamed to exam?

A

send home anti - inflammatories for 4-7 days

294
Q

What are the main causes of otitis externa in dogs?

295
Q

What is the main cause of otitis externa in cats?

296
Q

What are the 2 important aspects of the ear that are predisposing factors?

A

Conformation

Hair

297
Q

What does head shaking cause?

298
Q

Clinical signs of acute Otitis externa?

A 
Head shaking 
Scratching ears
Rubbing ears
Otic discharge
Malodor
Red pinna
Swollen ear
299
Q

What does coffee ground ear discharge mean?

300
Q

What does Moist brown ear discharge mean?

A

Staph or yeast

301
Q

What does creamy yellow ear discharge mean?

A

Gram negative bacteria

302
Q

What does oily yellow tan ear discharge mean?

A

glandular disorder, hypersensitivity

303
Q

How do you diagnose Otitis externa?

A

Ear smears
Bacterial culture and sensitivity
Radiography
Computed tomography

304
Q

How do you clean Otitis externa?

A

Control the predisposing causes
Ceruminolytic
Removal of pus
Drying agent

305
Q

Ceruminolytics

A

emulsify waxes/lipids so they can be flushed away

306
Q

What do you avoid if you can’t seen an intact pars tensa?

A

Ceruminolytics
cleaning solutions
dyring agents

307
Q

What are the clinical signs of a ruptured Tympanic membrane?

A

Deafness
Head tilt
Horner’s Syndrome

308
Q

How do you treat Otitis externa?

A

Glucocorticoids
Antibiotics
antifungals
parasiticides

309
Q

Poloxamer otic gels

A

change to gel at body temperature
compounded with various drugs
Reaches horizontal ear canal without puncturing the tympanic membrane

310
Q

What do you used to treat Gram negative gentamycin resistant infections?

A

Polymixin-B

311
Q

How do you treat Otitis externa?

A 
Topical preparations 
Polymixin-B
Topical enrofloxacin
TRIS EDTA
Antiseptics
Silversulfadiazine
Systemic therapy: Glucocorticoids, Antibiotics, Antifungals, Antiparasiticides
312
Q

Persistant Otitis Externa

A

Greater than 2 months

313
Q

Recurrent Otitis externa

A

Greater than 6 months

314
Q

Otitis media

A

inflammation of middle ear

315
Q

5 ways to diagnose OM

A

Signs: Horner’s syndrome and/or facial paralysis
Abnormal tympanic membrane: ruptured, bulging
Bullae rads/CT/MRI
Myringotomy
Cytology and culture of middle ear

316
Q

How does OM causes Horner’s syndrome?

A

disrupts the SYmpathetic nervous system and the facial nerve traveling through the middle ear

317
Q

What is common in CKCS?

A

Primary secretory otitis media (PSOM)

318
Q

How do you diagnose Primary Secretory otitis media?

A

a bulging pars flaccida = PSOM

319
Q

How do you treat Primary Secretory Otitis media?

A

Myringotomy and middle ear flush

320
Q

Primary Keratinization disorders

A 
Zinc-responsive dermatosis 
Sebaceous adenitis
Primary idiopathic seborrhea
Schnauzer comedo syndrome
Ear margin dermatosis
321
Q

Crusting Dermatitis

A

Superficial necrolytic dermatitis

322
Q

Seborrhea sicca

A

dry skin, white or grey flakes, scales

323
Q

Seborrhea oleosa

A

Oily skin, greasy feel to haircoat, rancid odor, brown sticky yellow scales

324
Q

Zinc-responsive dermatosis Syndrome 1

A

Decreased capacity to absorb zinc from intestines

325
Q

Zinc-responsive dermatosis Syndrome 2

A

Dietary deficiency

326
Q

What is the treatment for Zinc-responsive dermatosis?

A

Oral zinc
Fatty acids
low dose glucocorticoids

327
Q

What are the clinical signs of Zinc-responsive dermatosis?

A

Pruritis and scales/crusts on the mouth, chin, eyes, ears, elbows, pressure points, scrotum, prepuce, vulva
Hyperkeratotic footpads

328
Q

Sebaceous adenitis

A

Uncommon idiopathic dermatosis
Sebaceous gland destruction/inherited defect
Cell mediated immunological reaction
Defect in keratinization/obstruction of sebaceous ducts
Abnormal lipid metabolism

329
Q

Clinical signs of Sebacous adenitis

A

Bilaterally symmetrical on face, head, pinnae, and trunk
Ceruminous otitis externa
dogs have a rat tail
non-pruritic

330
Q

Clinical signs of Sebacous adenitis in cats

A

multifocal annular lesions of scale, crust and broken hair and hair casts and alopecia starting around their head and moving caudally

331
Q

Treatment for Sebacous adenitis

A

Keratinolytic shampoos
Omega 3/6 fatty acids
Retinoids
Cyclosporine

332
Q

Primary idiopathic seborrhea (vitamin A responsive dermatosis)

A

Hereditary disorder of keratinization causing epidermal turnover in 7 days
causes abnormal cornification and desquamation

333
Q

At what age does Primary idiopathic seborrhea happen?

A

starts weeks to months after birth.

Mild scaling worsens with age

334
Q

Clinical signs of Primary Idiopathic seborrhea?

A

Follicular casts prominent

Ceruminous otitis

335
Q

How do you diagnose Primary Idiopathic Seborrhea?

A

Exclude all other causes
Eliminate secondary factors
Biopsy

336
Q

How do you treat Primary Idiopathic Seborrhea?

A

Oral vitamin A

337
Q

Schnauzer comedo syndrome (Schnauzer bumps)

A

inherited dysplasia of the hair follicle resulting in the formation comedones on the back

338
Q

What are the clinical signs of Schnauzer comedo syndrome (Schnauzer bumps)?

A

Sharp
crusted ppapular eruptions from neck to tail base
Secondary folliculitis and furunculosis

339
Q

How do you treat Schnauzer comedo syndrome (Schnauzer bumps)?

A

Regular antiseptic and anti-seborrheic shampoo
Humectants after shampoo
Topical benzoyl peroxide gel
Isotretinoin

340
Q

With what breeds are Ear margin dermatosis common in?

341
Q

Clinical signs of Ear margin dermatosis

A

Follicular casts and partial alopecia on pendulous ears

342
Q

Treatment for Ear margin dermatosis

A

Moisturizing agents
topical sulfur salicylic acid shampoo
topical g-corticoid cream
pentoxifylline

343
Q

What is the age of onset for Superficial necrolytic dermatitis?

A

10 years old

344
Q

Clinical signs of Superficial necrolytic dermatitis

A 
Hyperkeratotic 
crusty 
cracking footpads
Erythema
Scaling 
crusting 
erosive
345
Q

What parts of the body are affected by Superficial necrolytic dermatitis?

A 
Mucocutaneous junctions 
Legs
hocks 
elbows
ear pinna
346
Q

How do you diagnose Superficial necrolytic dermatitis?

A

Liver dysfunction seen on CBS and Chem panel
Honey comb pattern in liver or mass in pancreas
biopsy lesions

347
Q

Behavioural dermatoses

A

Acral lick granuloma

348
Q

Acral lick granuloma

A

Self-induced trauma of skin through excessive licking and chewing

349
Q

How do you diagnose Acral lick granuloma?

A

Histopathology

Bacterial culture and antibiogram

350
Q

How do you treat Acral lick granuloma?

A 
treat underlying cause 
treat secondary bacterial infections 
topical analgesia
Steroids
tricyclic antidepressants serotonin re-uptake inhibitors
351
Q

Idiopathic lupoid onychodystrophy

A

Lupus-like disease resulting in claw loss

352
Q

Clinical signs of Idiopathic lupoid onychodystrophy

A

Acute nail loss
All claws affected
Nails are deformed and brittle with secondary infection

353
Q

What is the most common nail disorder of cats?

A

Idiopathic lupoid onychodystrophy

354
Q

How do you diagnose Idiopathic lupoid onychodystrophy?

A

Histopathology

Amputation P3/dewclaw

355
Q

How do you treat Idiopathic lupoid onychodystrophy?

A

Essential fatty acids, Vitamin E

356
Q

How do you diagnose Immune-mediated skin disorders?

A

Histopathology

Biopsy

357
Q

What is the treatment for Immune-mediated skin disorders?

A

Immunosuppressive drugs: Glucocorticoids, Cyclosporine A

358
Q

Pemphigus complex

A

Vesiculobullous to pustular disorders of the skin or mucous membranes characterized by acantholysis

359
Q

Acantholysis

A

a loss of intercellular connections resulting in a loss of cohesion between keratinocytes

360
Q

Pemphigus erythematosus

A

Benign form of pemphigus foliacious

361
Q

What can aggravate Pemphigus erythematosus?

362
Q

What are the clinical signs of Pemphigus erythematosus?

A

Erythema
pustular dermatitis on the face and ears
oozing crusts, scale, alopecia, and erosion bordered by epidermal collarettes
Depigmented nose

363
Q

How do you diagnose Pemphigus erythematosus?

A

Histopathology and immunofluorescence

364
Q

How do you treat Pemphigus erythematosus?

A

Sun avoidance

Topical glucocorticoids or cyclosporine

365
Q

What is the most common immune mediated condition?

A

Pemphigus foliaceus

366
Q

What is the major antigen of Pemphigus foliaceus?

A

desmoglein 1

367
Q

what is the age of onset of Pemphigus foliaceus?

368
Q

Clinical signs of Pemphigus foliaceus?

A

Pustular dermatitis
Pustular crusting
On the face, ear, feet, clawbeds, footpads, and groin
Scales
alopecia
erosions bordered by epidermal collarettes
Nasal depigmentation

369
Q

How do you diagnose Pemphigus foliaceus?

A

Skin biopsy

Histopathology with immunofluorescence

370
Q

Treatment of Pemphigus foliaceus

A

Topical corticosteroids or cyclopsporine

371
Q

Pemphigus vulgaris antibodies

A

desmoglein 3

372
Q

Clinical signs of Pemphigus vulgaris

A

Anorexic
depressed
febrile
vesiculobullous disease
erosive to ulcerative disorder that affects the oral cavity, mucocutaneous junctions, skin
Cutaneous lesion sin the axillae and groin region
ulcerative paronchyla

373
Q

How do you diagnose Pemphigus vulgaris?

A

Skin biopsy
Histopathology
Immunofluorecence

374
Q

How do you treat Pemphigus vulgaris in dogs?

A

High dosese of oral prednisolone and azathioprine

375
Q

How do you treat Pemphigus vulgaris in cats?

A

Chlorambucil

376
Q

Bullous pemphigoid

A

Subepidermal vesicle formation due to autoantibodies against antibodies of the basal cell hemidesmosomes

377
Q

What are the clinical signs of Bullous pemphigoid?

A

Cutaneous lesion in groin and axillae and nail beds - vesicle/bullae ulceration bordered by epidermal collarettes
Oral lesions

378
Q

How do you diagnose Bullous pemphigoid?

A

Skin biopsy

immunofluorescence

379
Q

What is the treatment for Bullous pemphigoid?

A

Immunosuppressive therapy

Immunomodulatory therapy

380
Q

Lupus erythematosus

A

autoimmune disease process where T-cells predominate in these disease

381
Q

DLE

A

Discoid Lupus erythematosus

382
Q

SLE

A

Systemic Lupus erythematosus

383
Q

What aggravates Discoid Lupus erythematosus?

A

UV light exposure

384
Q

What cells predominate Discoid Lupus erythematosus?

A

T-helper cells

385
Q

What is the reason for Discoid Lupus erythematosus?

A

T-helper cells are activated by damaged keratinocytes which have elevations of ANA

386
Q

What is the reason for Discoid Lupus erythematosus?

A

T-helper cells are activated by damaged keratinocytes which have elevations of ANA

387
Q

What are the clinical signs of Discoid Lupus erythematosus?

A 
Depigmentation 
erythema
scaling of the nose
Erosions 
ulceration 
crusting
388
Q

How do you diagnose Discoid Lupus erythematosus?

A

Histopathology

Thickening of the basement membrane zone due to cellular infiltration

389
Q

How do you treat Discoid Lupus erythematosus?

A 
Avoid sunlight 
topical sunscreens
Topical and systemic corticosteroids
Vitamin E
Immunomodulatory/immunosuppressive
390
Q

What are the clinical signs of Systemic Lupus erythematosus in dogs?

A 
Fever 
polyarthritis
proteinuria
skin disease
Alopecia
erythema
vesiculobullous to ulcerative disorder
391
Q

How do you diagnose Systemic Lupus erythematosus?

A

ANA test

Histopathology/immunohistochemistry of the skin or oral mucosa

392
Q

How do you treat Systemic Lupus erythematosus?

A

Immunosuppressive therapy

Immunomodulatory agents

393
Q

What are the cutaneous effects of a Cutaneous adverse drug reaction?

A 
ALopecia 
purpura
poor wound healing 
hyperpigmentation 
pruritis 
Erythema multiforme
toxic epidermal necrolysis
Urticarial plaques
vesciles or bullae
394
Q

Where are the lesions distributed with Erythema multiforme?

A 
Ventrum 
axillae
groin 
Mucocutaneous junction 
Oral cavity 
Pinnae
Footpads
395
Q

How do you diagnose Erythema multiforme?

A

Clinical signs

Histopathology

396
Q

How do you treat Erythema multiforme?

A

Eliminate trigger

397
Q

What is the cause of Toxic epidermal necrolysis?

A

Drugs

Flea dips

398
Q

What are the clinical signs of Toxic epidermal necrolysis?

A

Multifocal or generalized vesiculobullous disease

399
Q

How do you diagnose Toxic epidermal necrolysis?

A

Skin biopsy - full thickness epidermal necrolysis with minimal inflammation

400
Q

How do you treat Toxic epidermal necrolysis?

A

Find underlying causes

systemic glucocorticoids

401
Q

Clinical signs of Vasculitis?

A 
Purpura
wheals
edema
papules
nodules
alopecia
scarring
necrosis
ulceration 
of the extremities
402
Q

How do you diagnose Vasculitis?

A

Histopathology

403
Q

How do you treat Vasculitis?

A

Find underlying disease
Pentoxifylline
Immunosuppressive drugs
Immunomodulatory drugs

404
Q

Nodule

A

Solid, raised palpable lesion greater than 1 cm

405
Q

Tumor

A

Larger, palpable mass of neoplastic origin

406
Q

Diagnostic approach to nodules

A

FNA of nodule and the lymph node draining the area
impression smear of any discharge
Biopsy
Culture

407
Q

What is the etiology of Papillomatosis in dogs?

A

Papilloma virus or idiopathic

408
Q

What is the signalment of a dog with oral papillomatosis?

A

Young or immunosuppressed

409
Q

Diagnostics for Papillomatosis

A

FNA

Excisional biopsy

410
Q

Treatment for Papillomatosis

A 
Crushing
Laser or cryotherapy 
Azithromycin for 3 weeks
Topical Imiquimod for 1-2 days
Interferon 
Surgical excision
411
Q

Nodular panniculitis/steatitis

A

Solitary to multiple, Firm to floculant, Raised, well demarcated and can ulcerate and scar
Inflamed S/C fat caused by systemic disease

412
Q

Where do you find Nodular panniculitis/steatitis?

A

Dorsal trunk, neck, prox. limbs

413
Q

Where do you find Sterile pyogranuloma in dogs?

A

Head
Pinna
Feet
footpads

414
Q

How do you treat Sterile pyogranuloma in dogs?

A

Corticosteroids
Tetracycline + Niacinamide
Azathioprine
Cyclosporine A

415
Q

What is the age of animals with Histiocytoma?

A

Less than 4 years old

416
Q

Where do you find Histiocytoma on dogs?

A

Cranial 1/4 of body

417
Q

How do you diagnose Histiocytoma in dogs?

A

Aspiration cytology

418
Q

How do you treat Cutaneous Histiocytoma in dogs?

A

Steroids
Cyclopsorine
Tetracycline + Niacinamide

419
Q

How do you treat Systemic Histiocytoma in dogs?

A

Cyclosporine

Lomustine

420
Q

Where do you find Histiocytosis on felines?

A

Legs
Feet
Face

421
Q

Nodular dermatofibrosis

A

Multiple cutaneous nodules consisting of mature collagen hyperplasia seen in 3-7 year old German Shepards

422
Q

What is Nodular Dermatofibrosis associated with?

A

Bilateral renal cysts
Cystadenomas
Cystadenocarcinomas

423
Q

How do you treat Nodular dermatofibrosis?

A

Treat underlying disease
Remove masses if possible
no effective treatments

424
Q

What is the etiology of Juvenile cellulitis?

A

Unknown

Maybe Immune mediated

425
Q

What is the signalment of Juvenile Cellulitis?

A

3 weeks to 6 months in Gordon Setters, Golden Retrievers, and Dachshunds

426
Q

Clinical signs of Juvenile Cellulitis

A

Acute non-pruritic

swelling face submandibular of the Lips, muzzle, and eyelids

427
Q

What is the common name of Juvenile Cellulitis?

A

Puppy Strangles

428
Q

How do you diagnose Juvenile Cellulitis?

A

Cytology
Biopsy
Culture

429
Q

How do you treat Juvenile Cellulitis?

A

Topical: treat crusts
Systemic: Prednisolone then EOD

430
Q

Sebaceous cyst

A

Cysts are epithelial lined cavities with either solid or fluid material that develop when a hair follicle or skin pore gets blocked by dirt, debris, scar tissue, or infection

431
Q

What is the treatment for Sebaceous cyst?

A

Can resolve without treatment

Excision

432
Q

How do you prevent Sebaceous Cyst?

A

Benzoyl peroxide

433
Q

What should you avoid doing to Keratin Inclusion Cyst?

A

Lesions should not be manually expressed since such manipulation can cause subepidermal rupture and furunculosis

434
Q

How do you treat Lipomas?

A

Surgically remove

435
Q

Clinical signs of Fly Bite Dermatitis from biting flies?

A

Tips of ears - erythema, bleeding, oozing, crusting

436
Q

Clinical signs of Fly Bite Dermatitis from Tumbu flies?

A

Tail base, ventral abdomen - painful, reddend nodule (3-5mm in diameter)

437
Q

Treatment for Fly Bite Dermatitis?

A

Topical fly repellant
Remove maggots
Cover the breathing holes with vaseline

RUSVM Small Animal Medicine II 2017 (4 decks)

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