Oncology Flashcards
Who needs a mammogram? How often?
50-75 q2
Who should be BRCA tested? What is BRCA associated with?
Test women with family history.
BRCA increased risk of familial breast cancer & Ovarian cancer
When should tamoxifen be used for breast cancer treatment?
If the cancer is ER or PR positive.(usually in women who are post menopausal)
What are the 3 major side effects of Tamoxifen?
DVT, Hot flashes, Endometrial cancer
When would you use aromatase inhibitors for breast cancer? side effects?
when you need to block estrogen(estrogen dependent BC).
major side effect: osteoporosis(block estrogen at bone too)
When is Adjuvant chemotherapy appropriate for breast cancer?
when cancer is in the axilla, When cancer is larger than 1cm, when the patient is still menstrating(its not likey these cancers will be driven by E/P so chemo is more ideal)
When would you use Trastuzumab & Pertuzumab for breast cancer? major side effect?
monoclonal ab to HER2/neu + BC. used full with metastatic disease, used in combo.
**trastuzumab is cardiotoxic
How is colon cancer treated?
surgical resection + chemo(5FU) if stage 2-3.
Colon cancer screening: routine?
colonoscopy 50q10 or FOBT 50q1`
Colon cancer screening: w/family history of CRC
40q10 or 10 years before the age of the family member who got CRC
Colon cancer screening: HNPCC, 3 family members, 2 generation, 1 premature?
Colonoscopy 25q1/2
Colon cancer screening: FAP, Gardner’s Syndrome, Peutz-Jeghers or Turcot’s Syndrome?
Sigmoidoscopy 12q1/2
Colon cancer screening: Juvenile polyposis?
no additional screening! follow routine screening(50q10)
Anticoagulation and colonoscopy..when do you stop NOACs? Warfarin?
NOACs = stopped the day before and restarted the day after.
Warfarin = stopped 3-5days before
What size does lung cancer need to be to do an EXCISIONAL biopsy?
> 1cm
Who needs screening for lung cancer?
30 pack year smoker 55-75 q1 chest CT who has not quit in the past 15 years.
Pembrolizumab & Nivolumab
What are they? when are they used?
Programmed Death Inhibitors used when NON-SMALL CELL lung cancer is PD positive
Screening for Cervical Cancer?
21-65q3 or 21q3 then 29-65q5+HPV testing
Who gets Gardasil?
13-26
What is the Gleason score?
measure of histology of prostate cancer. higher the score = worse the cancer
Treatment of localized prostate cancer?
surgery, external radiation or implanted radioactive pellets
Treatment of metastatic prostate cancer?
Androgen Blockade(Flutamide(T-receptor antagonist, Leuprolide or goserelin(GnRH agonist))
Whats Finasteride for?
5a-reductase inhibitor, used to treat BPH and male pattern hair loss.
Whats Abiraterone for?
17 hydroxylase inhibitor that stops production of all androgen’s in the body = decreases the progression of metastatic prostate cancer and decreased risk of death by 1/3
Treatment of Ovarian Cancer?
surgery + chemotherapy
how do you monitor return of cervical cancer?
measure CA125
—— can improve the alopecia of chemotherapy.
scalp hypothermia
what population do you suspect testicular cancer?
male <35 with painless scrotal lump(95% are germ cell tumors)
How do you dx testicular cancer?
inguinal orchiectomy! **DO NOT BX! will seed T.T
How is testicular cancer treated?
local: radiation
mets: chemo
