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IM & Subspec > Oncology > Flashcards

Oncology Flashcards

1
Q

Tumor Marker

1) ALK gene: rearrangement and overexpression

A

DNA from tumor tissue

  1. NSCLC: To determine prognosis and Tx
  2. Anaplastic large cell lymphoma: To determine prognosis and Tx
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2
Q

Tumor Marker

2) AFP

A

Alpha-fetoprotein in blood

  1. Liver CA: Dx and follow response to Tx
  2. Germ cell tumor (e.g., Testicular NSGCT, Ovarian GCT): Assess stage, prognosis, and response to Tx
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3
Q

Tumor Marker

3) B2M

A 
Beta-2-microglobulin in blood,
1. MM
2. CLL
3. Some lymphomas
To determine prognosis and follow response to Tx
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4
Q

Tumor Marker

4) b-hCG

A

Beta-human chorionic gonadotropin
1. Choriocarcinoma
2. Germ cell tumors (e.g., Testicular NSGCT, Ovarian GCT, GTN)
To assess stage, prognosis, and response to Tx

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5
Q

Tumor Marker

18) NMP22

A

Nuclear matrix protein 22 in Urine

1. Bladder CA: To monitor response to Tx

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6
Q

Tumor Marker

6) CA 19-9

A 
In blood
1. Pancreatic CA
2. Gallbladder CA
3. Bile duct CA
4. Gastric CA
To assess response to Tx.
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7
Q

Tumor Marker

7) CA-125

A

In blood,

1. Ovarian CA: To help Dx, assess response to Tx, and evaluate recurrence

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8
Q

Tumor Marker

8) Calcitonin

A

In blood, parafollicular cells (C cells) from which this CA originates and produce calcitonin.
1. Medullary thyroid CA: To help Dx, assess response to Tx, and evaluate recurrence.

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9
Q

Tumor Marker

9) CEA

A

Carcinoembryonic antigen in blood
1. Colorectal CA
2. Some others: breast, pancreas, thyroid, and lung
To assess resposne to Tx and evaluate recurrence.

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10
Q

Tumor Marker

10) CD20

A

In blood

1. NHL: To determine if Tx with targeted therapy is appropriate.

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11
Q

Tumor Marker

11) CgA

A

Chromogranin A in blood

1. Neuroendocrine tumors: To help Dx, assess response to Tx, and evaluate recurrence.

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12
Q

Tumor Marker

12) EGFR gene mutation analysis

A

Tumor tissue

1. NSCLC: To help determine Tx and prognosis

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13
Q

Tumor Marker

13) ER/PR

A

Estrogen / progesterone receptor in tumor tissue

1. Breast CA: To determine if Tx with hormone therapy and some targeted therapies is appropriate.

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14
Q

Tumor Marker

19) PSA

A

Prostate specific antigen in blood

1. Prostate CA: To help Dx, assess resposne to Tx, and evaluate recurrence.

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15
Q

Tumor Marker

15) HER2/neu gene or protein overexpression

A 
Tumor tissue
1. Breast CA
2. Gastric CA
3. GE junction adenocarcinoma
To determine if Tx with targeted therapies appropriate.
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16
Q

Tumor Marker

17) NSE

A

Neuron-specific enolase in blood
1. Small cell lung CA
2. Neuroblastoma
To help Dx and assess response to Tx

17
Q

Tumor Marker

19) PSA

A

Prostate specific antigen in blood

1. Prostate CA: To help Dx, assess response to Tx, and evaluate recurrence.

18
Q

Tumor Marker

20) Thyroglobulin

A

In blood,

1. Thyroid CA: To evaluate response to Tx and recurrence.

19
Q

Hemartoma VS Choristoma

A
  1. Hemartoma: Benign, disorganized overgrowth of tissue in normal location (e.g., adenoma, lipoma, rhabdomyoma, Lisch nodule in NF-1). Now it is considered a neoplasm by scholars.
  2. Choristoma: Benign, normal tissue growth in abnormal location (e.g., Meckel diverticulum where gastric tissue in distal ileum). This is a form of heterotopia.
20
Q

Mesenchymal Tumor - Typical (Benign / Malignant)

1) Fibroblast
2) Osteoblast
3) Chondrocyte
4) Lipocyte
5) Smooth muscle
6) Skeletal muscle

A

1) Fibroma / fibrosarcoma
2) Osteoma / osteosarcoma
3) Chondroma / chondrosarcoma
4) Lipoma / liposarcoma
5) Leiomyoma / leiomyosarcoma
6) Rhabdomyoma / rhabdomyosarcoma

21
Q

Tumor Marker

21) VMA

A

Vanillylmandelic acid in Urine

1. Pheochromocytoma: For Dx

22
Q

Mesenchymal Tumor - NON-Typical (Benign / Malignant)

1) Mesothelium
2) BV
3) Lymph vessels
4) Meninges
5) Nerve sheath
6) Nerve cells
7) Lymphoid tissue
8) Haematopoietic cells

A

1) None / Mesothelioma
2) Hemangioma / Angiosarcoma
3) Lymphangioma / Lymphangiosarcoma
4) Meningioma / Invasive meningioma
5) Neurofibroma (neurilemmoma) / Neurogenic sarcoma
6) Ganglioneuroma / Neuroblastoma
7) Pseudolymphoma / Malignant lymphoma
8) None / Leukemia

23
Q

Classification / Nomenclature of Neoplasms

1) -oma
2) Carcinoma
3) Sarcoma

A

1) Tumor
2) “Hard” tumor originating from epithelial tissue that is malignant
3) “Soft” tumor originating from mesenchymal tissue (connective tissue, such as bone, cartilage, muscle, fat, blood, etc) that is malignant.

24
Q

Tumor Marker

5) CA 15-3 / CA 27/29

A

In blood

1. Breast CA: To assess response to Tx and CA recurrence

25
Q

Tumor Marker

14) Fibrin / Fibrinogen

A

In urine,

1. Bladder CA: To monitor progression and response to Tx.

26
Q

Tumor Marker

16) KRAS gene mutation

A

Tumor tissue
1. CRC
2. NSCLC
To determine if Tx with targeted therapies is appropriate

IM & Subspec (7 decks)

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