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NCLEX > Oncology > Flashcards

Oncology Flashcards

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NCLEX-PN® flashcards NCLEX-RN® flashcards
1
Q

cancer can be classified by:

A

the tissue or blood cells where it starts

the type

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2
Q

what are the 2 types of cancer?

A

solid tumors

hematologic malignancies

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3
Q

2 types of solid tumors

A

sarcomas

carcinomas

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4
Q

begin in the connective tissues, the tissues that the body uses to connect or support other tissue

A

sarcomas

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5
Q

originate from the epithelial tissues, and this is the tissue that lines the organs.

these are the cancers that originate in the lining of organs like the lungs and liver, the breast, colon, or prostate.

A

carcinomas

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6
Q

originate from blood or lymphatic cells

A

hematologic malignancies

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7
Q

the traveling or extension of the primary cancer to other sites of the body

A

metastasis

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8
Q

metastasis occurs by:

A

direct invasion
through the blood system
through the lymphatic system

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9
Q

1 rf for cancer

A

tobacco

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10
Q

alcohol + tobacco =

A

co-carcinogenic

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11
Q

suspected dietary causes of cancer:

A 
a low-fiber diet
increased red meat
increased animal fat
nitrites
preservatives and additives
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12
Q

there is an increased risk of cancer in the ________

A

immunosuppressed

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13
Q

which ethnicity increases the risk for cancer

A

african americans

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14
Q

chronic _____ can cause uncontrolled growth of abnormal cells

A

inflammation

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15
Q

examples of primary prevention of cancer

A 
no smoking
exercise
normal body weight
elimininate alcohol
vaccines
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16
Q

examples of secondary condition

A

screenings

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17
Q

what days of the menstrual cycle are best for doing breast self-exam?

A

days 7-12

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18
Q

yearly clinical breast exams for women greater than ____ years of age

A

40

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19
Q

women between the ages of __-__ need clinical breast exams every 3 years

A

20-39

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20
Q

mammograms annually starting at age ____

A

40

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21
Q

before a mammogram teach the client not to apply what to their body?

A

lotion, powder, deoderant

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22
Q

pap smears beginning at age ___ and performed every ___ years if there have been no problems

A

21; 3 years

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23
Q

colonoscopy at age ___, then every ____ years if there have been no problems

A

50; 10 years

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24
Q

the major age group that gets testicular cancer is young males between ages ___-___

A

15-36

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25
Q

Digital rectal exam and PSA may be checked annually for men over the age of ___

A

50

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26
Q

YEARLY FECAL OCCULT ___ TESTING

A

blood

27
Q

symtoms for caner acronym

A

CAUTION

28
Q

C

A

change in bowel/bladder habits

29
Q

A

A

a sore that does not heal

30
Q

U

A

unusual bleeding/discharge

31
Q

T

A

thickening or lump in breast elsewhere

32
Q

I

A

indigestion or difficulty swallowing

33
Q

O

A

obvious change in wart or mole

34
Q

N

A

nagging cough or hoarseness

35
Q

cancer can invade the bone marrow which can lead to ______, _____, and _______.

A

anemia, leukopenia, and thrombocytopenia

36
Q

extreme wasting and malnutrition

A

cachexia

37
Q

_____ is the number one sign that clients complain of with a diagnosis of cancer

A

fatigue

38
Q

in blood tests during cancer we are most concerned about the _______

A

neutrophils

39
Q

positive diagnostic studies for cancer

A 
CSR
CT scan
MRI
PET scan
Bone marrow biopsy
tissue biopsy
imaging studies
40
Q

removal of vocal cords, epiglottis and thyroid cartilage

A

total laryngectomy

41
Q

since the whole larynx is removed, this client will have a permanent tracheostomy or ______

A

laryngectomy

42
Q

position post-op total laryngectomy

A

mid fowlers

43
Q

NPO people tend to get ______

A

pneumonia

44
Q

with a total laryngectomy, all breathing is done through the _______

A

stoma

45
Q

how does the client with a total laryngectomy talk?

A

electrolarynx

blom-singer device

46
Q

client with a total laryngectomy can’t do what 4 things

A

whistle
drink through a straw
smoke
swim

47
Q

why do we tell mastectomy patients to rush their hair, squeeze tennis ball, wall clinging on affected arm?

A

it promotes new collateral circulation

48
Q

successful surgery for cancer is dependent on 3 things:

A

could it be completely removed?
had the cancer already spread at the time of surgery?
was the surgeon able to get adequate margins?

49
Q

brachytherapy is used to get the radiation ____ to the cancer or target tissue

A

close

50
Q

with all types of brachytherapy, the client emits _____ for a period of time and is a hazard to others.

A

radiation

51
Q

brachytherapy is either ____ or _____

A

sealed or unsealed

52
Q

client and body fluids emit radiation

A

unsealed brachytherapy

53
Q

unsealed brachytherapy is like a radioisotope that is given ____ or ____

A

IV or PO

54
Q

unsealed brachytherapy is radioactive for ___-___ hours

A

24-48

55
Q

client emits radiation; body fluids are not radioactive

A

sealed or solid brachytherapy

56
Q

sealed or solid brachytherapy can be temporary or a permanent _____ that is placed close to or inside the tumor

A

implant

57
Q

how can you prevent dislodgment of the implant?

A

bedrest
decrease fiber in the diet
prevent bladder distention

58
Q

after radiation can the client sleep in the same bed with their spouse or children?

A

NOT for 1-11 days

59
Q

should they use public transportation after brachytherapy?

A

NOT for 2-3 days

60
Q

how many times should they flush after using the toiler with brachytherapy

A

2-3 flushes

61
Q

a carefully focused beam of high energy rays is delivered by a machine outside of the body

A

external radiation

62
Q

is the client radioactive with external ?

A

NO

63
Q

side effects of external radiation include:

A 
erythema
shedding of skin
altered taste
fatigue
pancytopenia
64
Q

protect the site of external radiation from sunlight and UV light for ____ year after therapy

A

1

NCLEX (10 decks)

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