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NCLEX > Burns > Flashcards

Burns Flashcards

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1
Q

where do most burns occur?

A

at home

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2
Q

why does plasma seep out into the tissue with burns?

A

increased capillary permeability

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3
Q

why does the pulse increase with burns?

A

anytime you’re in a deficit, your pulse will go up

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4
Q

why does CO decrease with burns?

A

less volume to pump out

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5
Q

why does UO decrease with burns?

A

kidneys are either trying to hold onto fluid or they aren’t being perfused adequately

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6
Q

why is epi secreted with burns?

A

makes you vasoconstrict so it can shunt blood to the vital organs

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7
Q

why are ADH and aldosterone secreted?

A

retain Na+ and water with aldosterone

retain water with ADH

makes BV go up!

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8
Q

what’s the most common airway injury

A

carbon monoxide poisoning

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9
Q

treatment for carbon monoxide poisoning

A

O2

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10
Q

one of the most important aspects of burn management is _____ _____

A

fluid replacement

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11
Q

fluid replacement for burns is based on when?

A

the time of the injury not when they got to the hospital

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12
Q

the formula for the amount of fluids needed in the first 24 hours for burn victims

A

consensus formula

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13
Q

to calculate fluid replacement properly, you also need to know the client’s ____ and _____ affected

A

weight in kilograms

TBSA affected

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14
Q

if the client is restless it suggests 3 problems:

A

pain
inadequate fluid replacement
hypoxia

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15
Q

is weight or urine output a better determinant if the client’s fluid volume is adequate?

A

UO

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16
Q

consensus formula =

A

(4ml of LR) X (body weight in kg) X (% of TBSA burned)

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17
Q

blankets help with burns by keeping in the ____ and keeps out the _____

A

heat; germs

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18
Q

sx of airway injury

A 
singed nose hair
singed facial hair
soot
coughing up stuff with dark specks
blisters on the oral/pharyngeal mucosa
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19
Q

albumin holds onto ____ in the ___ space

A

fluid

vascular

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20
Q

albumin increases what 4 things

A

vascular volume
kidney perfusion
blood pressure
CO

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21
Q

when you start giving a client albumin, you know that the vascular volume will _____

A

increase

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22
Q

if a client is receiving fluids rapidly, what is a measurement you could take hourly to ensure you’re not overloading the client?

A

CVP

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23
Q

immunizations for burns

A

tetanus toxoid

immune globulin

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24
Q

what does circumferential burn mean?

A

goes all the way around

25
Q

if a client’s vascular check in their arm is bad, what are the names of the procedures to relieve the pressure?

A

escharotomy

fasciotomy

26
Q

relieves the pressure and restores the circulation, cuts through the eschar

A

escharotomy

27
Q

relieves the pressure and restores the circulation, but the cut is much deeper into the issue; it cuts through the fascia of the muscle

A

fasciotomy

28
Q

how often do we measure UO with burn clients?

A

q hour

29
Q

what do you do if the urine is red or brown?

A

call dr

30
Q

what drug might be ordered to flush out the kidneys

A

mannitol

31
Q

where do we find most of our potassium?

A

inside the cell

32
Q

with a burn what happens to cells?

A

ruptured

33
Q

will the burn pt have hypo or hyperkalemia?

A

hyperkalemia

34
Q

why would the healthcare provider want the client to be NPO and have an NGT hooked to suction with burns?

A

they could develop a paralytic ileus

35
Q

if a client doesn’t have bowel sounds, what will happen to abdominal girth?

A

increase

36
Q

what is some lab work you could check o ensure proper nutrition and a positive nitrogen balance?

A

prealbumin
total protein
albumin

37
Q

most sensitive indicator of nutrition

A

prealbumin

38
Q

superficial thickness burn is only damage to the _____

A

epidermis

39
Q

partial-thickness burns have damage where?

A

to entire epidermis and varying depths of the dermis

40
Q

full-thickness burns have damage where?

A

damage to entire dermis and some fat

41
Q

what to do if there are fingers burned?

A

wrap each finger individually

use splints

42
Q

with a perineal burn, the #1 complication is ______

A

infection

43
Q

what likes to grow in eschar?

A

bacteria

44
Q

what type of isolation for the burn client?

A

reverse

45
Q

enzymatic debridement agents (2)

A

sutilains or collagenase

46
Q

4 reasons to not use debridement agents?

A

don’t use on face
don’t use if pregnant
don’t use over large nerves
don’t use if area is opened to a body cavity

47
Q

4 parts of the circulatory check

A

cap refill
pulse
skin temp
skin color

48
Q

when giving mycin drugs worry aobut

A

BUN/CR

49
Q

with mycin drugs worry about which 2 toxicities

A

ototoxicity

nephrotoxicity

50
Q

when grafting the donor site is an open wound until when?

A

the bleeding stops

51
Q

after the bleeding stops the donor site can be ?

A

left open to air

52
Q

if the client is well nourished, the surgeon can reharvest from the same donor site every ___-___ days

A

12-14

53
Q

with a chemical burn first remove the client from the chemical and begin _____

A

flushing

54
Q

how long do you flush with chemical burns?

A

15-30 minutes

55
Q

what is the first thing you do for an electrical burn?

A

heart monitor for 24 hours

56
Q

what arrhythmia are electrical burn clients at risk for?

A

V. Fib

57
Q

with electrical burns, myoglobin and hemoglobin can build up and cause ____ damage

A

kidney

58
Q

why are amputations common with electrical burns?

A

circulatory system is destroyed

59
Q

other complications with electrical wounds

A

cataracts
gait problems
neuro deficits

NCLEX (10 decks)

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