Oncology

Question 1

In cancer, oncogene expression and growth factor secretion are

Answer 1

Increased

Question 2

Stage of cancer where there is immortalization

Answer 2

Benign stage

Question 3

At this stage of cancer, DNA repair is inhibited

Answer 3

Cancerous

Question 4

What are the characteristics of cancer

Answer 4

Clonality
Autonomy
Anaplasia
Metastasis

Question 5

Mutation of cancer due to

Answer 5

Random replication errors
Exposure to carcinogens
Faulty DNA repair process

Question 6

This is the pre form of a healthy gene

Answer 6

Proto-oncogene

Question 7

Damage or loss of tumor suppressor genes are what type of mutation

Answer 7

Recessive mutation

Question 8

This characteristic of cancer is dependent on the cell cycle

Answer 8

Autonomy

Question 9

What are the mechanisms of autonomy

Answer 9

Growth factors secretion

Increased number of receptors

Question 10

What activates CDK (Cyclin-Dependent Kinase)

Answer 10

Cyclin

Question 11

What are the two forms of pRb (protein Retinoblastoma)

Answer 11

Phosphorylated

Dephosphorylated

Question 12

What are the functions of E2F

Answer 12

Transcription factor

DNA synthesis

Question 13

At what form of pRb where E2F is released

Answer 13

Phosphorlyated

Question 14

What binds to Cyclin D

Answer 14

Cdk 2, 4, 5 and 6

Question 15

At this phase where E2F binds to pRb again

Answer 15

Mitosis Phase

Question 16

What inhibits Cyclin and Cdk’s activity

Answer 16

P15,p21 and p27

Question 17

What is important for DNA repair

Answer 17

P21

Question 18

What is the guardian of the genome

Answer 18

P53

Question 19

What is the most area disrupted in cancer (cell cycle)

Answer 19

G1/S checkpoint

Question 20

Which is part of the cell cycle is regulated by Cyclin B or cdc2

Answer 20

G2/M checkpoint

Question 21

Loss of differentiated function
Bizarre-looking cells
Aneuploidy

Answer 21

Anaplasia

Question 22

What are the triads of invasion of cancer

Answer 22

Adhesion with the basement membrane
Local proteolysis
Mobility

Question 23

What are the two types of oncogene

Answer 23

v-Oncs
C- oncs

Viral
Cellular

Question 24

What is the fuel of cancer

Answer 24

IKAW! Char

Glucose

• question by Cua

Question 25

What is the function of Tp53

Answer 25

Induction of DNA repair or apoptosis

Question 26

E1a inhibits what

Answer 26

pRb

Question 27

What viruses inactivated p53

Answer 27

Adenovirus Papovirus Papillomavirus

Question 28

What condition is seen when p53 gene is damaged

Answer 28

Li-Fraumeni syndrome

Question 29

Breast cancer are what type of mutation

Answer 29

Dominant | Recessive

Question 30

This in th liver makes pro-carcinogen to your ultimate carcinogen

Answer 30

Cyctochrome p450

Question 31

What are the properties of promotion in carcinogensis

Answer 31

Reversible Dose dependent Time dependent

Question 32

What type of chemical carcinogen in chemotherapy

Answer 32

Direct acting

Question 33

Functions of Receptor Tyrosine Kinase Pathway

Answer 33

Promotion of cell survival | Regulation of cell proliferation and differentiation

Question 34

P21 is activated by what and permits what

Answer 34

Activated by p53 Permits DNA repair to take place

Question 35

In immortalization of cancer cells, what is the key component

Answer 35

Telomerase

Question 36

Hallmarks of cancer for autonomy

Answer 36

``` Resisting cell death Avoiding immune destruction Evading growth suppressors Deregulating cellular energetics Sustaining proliferator signaling ```

Question 37

EBNA 1 gene expresses what disease

Answer 37

Burkitt's lymphoma

Question 38

What inhibits pRb

Answer 38

E1A

Question 39

What inhibits tp53

Answer 39

E1B, HPV E6, mdm2 point mutation

Question 40

What destroys p53 and pRb

Answer 40

p53 = HPV E 6 pRb = HPV E 7