Oncology Flashcards
How do you stage solitary tumours?
T - size of primary tumor sorted into 1, 2, 3
N - 0 or 1, 1 meaning there is metastasis to local lymph nodes
M - 0 or 1, 1 meaning there is distant metastasis
How do you stage lymphoma?
1 - Restricted to lymph node
2 - multiple lymph nodes, restricted to one side of diaphragm
3 - Generalised enlargement of lymph nodes
4 - Enlargement of liver and spleen
5 - Bone marrow, CNS or other extranodal site involvement
What endocrinopathies can be caused by a paraneoplastic syndrome?
Hypercalcaemia - Lymphoma, Anal sac adenocarcinoma, multiple myeloma
Hypoglycaemia - Insulinoma
What are the parts of the cell cycle?
G1, S, G2, M
What agents interfere with DNA replication?
Alkylating agents (melphalan, cyclophosphamid), antitumour antibiotics (Doxorubicin, Epirubicin), platinum compounds (carboplatin, cisplatin), Antimetabolites? (Cistosine, fluorouracil)
What chemotherapeutic drugs can you not use in cats?
Cisplatin, flourouracil
What chemotherapeutic drugs act in mitosis?
Vinca alkaloids (vincristine, vinblastine)
What drugs make up a COP protocol and what are their actions
Cyclophosphamide - DNA rep (S)
Oncovin/Vincristine - Mitosis
Prednisolone
What does the H in a CHOP protocol stand for?
Hydroxydaunorubicin - Doxorubicin
What are the two most important chemotherapy side effects?
Myelosuppression and GIT toxicity
What is the remission rate on chemotherapy treated lymphoma?
80%
What are the 4 most common forms of lymphoma?
Multicentric, gastrointestinal, mediastinal, Cutaneous
What association does mitotic rate have with survival times and curability of lymphomas?
Low grade lymphoma have a low mitotic rate and have long survival times but are incurable. High grade lymphomas have a high mitotic rate and progress quickly, but are more likely to respond to chemotherapy and possibly are curable.
What drastically increases the risk of feline lymphoma?
FeLV and FIV
What is the ‘Darier’s sign’
bruising after manipulation of tumour - almost pathognomic for a mast cell tumour
