Equine Cardio Flashcards
How far is the jugular pulse allowed to extend up the neck?
Bottom 1/3
What causes the 4 heart sounds in horses?
S4 - Atrium contraction
S1 - AV valve closure
S2 - A + P valve closure
S3 - Ventricles filling
How may you describe a heart murmur?
- Timing and duration
- Intensity
- Quality/frequency/pitch
- Location
- Radiation
What are some signs that a murmur is likely to be significant?
Murmur grade 3 or above, radiating, any associated with clinical signs of congestive heart failure
Conformation by endocardiogram
A systolic murmur is most likely to be…
AV regurgitation, VSD
A diastolic murmur is most likely to be…
Aortic valve regurgitation
A continuous murmur is most likely to be…
PDA, Pentalogy of fallot
What is the main drug used for the treatment of atrial fibrillation and what are its two forms?
Quinidine (Sodium channel blocker)
-Quinidine Gluconate given IV if duration is 2w or unknown
What is an ECG sign of quinidine toxicity?
Widening QRS complexes
What is the first choice for treating life threatening ventricular arrhythmias?
Lignocaine hydrochloride
What may you see on an ECG of a horse with percarditis?
Small QRS complexs and electrical alternans
What is the cardiac biochemical marker of choice in equine medicine?
Cardiac troponin I
