Oncology Flashcards
What is Meig’s syndrome (3 things)?
What is the natural history?
- Benign ovarian tumour
- Ascites
- Pleural effusion
Fluids resolve if tumour is removed.
What gene mutation is commonly found in a large proportion of human cancers?
p53 gene mutation.
Cetuximab - what is the receptor target and what are the indications for this drug (3)?
EGFR receptor INHIBITOR
3 cancers:
- Metastatic colorectal cancer
- Metastatic NSCLC (non-small cell lung cancer)
- Head and neck cancer
What is an potential adverse effect of Bleomysin?
How often does this occur?
- Life-threatening Interstitial lung disease.
- 10% of patients that receive drug
Capecitabine is a oral pro-drug, what is it enzymatically converted into?
5-FU (5-fluorouracil)
What 2 cancers is Capecitabine used for?
Colorectal and Breast cancer
NB: off label use in Oesophageal and Gastric cancers.
What is the MOA of taxanes?
Which part of the cell cycle does it act?
- Disruption of microtubule action / mitotic inhibitors
- M-phase
Patient presents with subacute onset of ataxia, dizziness and vertigo on background of weight loss and B-symptoms. What to you suspect?
Paraneoplastic cerebeller degeneration - autoimmune reaction to purkinje cells
For the following panel done for work-up of paraneoplastic cerebellar degeneration what are the corresponding neoplasms:
Anti-Yo Anti-Hu Anti-Ri Anti-Tr Anti-CV2 Anti-Ma
Anti-Yo = ovary / breast Anti-Hu = SCLC Anti-Ri = SCLC / breast Anti-Tr = Hodgkin's lymphoma Anti-CV2 = SCLC Anti-Ma = Testicular
You suspect paraneoplastic syndrome in a patient with SCLC, what autoantibodies do you order (3)?
Anti-Hu
Anti- Ri
Anti- CV2
What is a SE of tacrolimus?
Diabetes mellitus
What is the MOA of anthracycline?
Inhibition of topisomerase
What feature of colonoscopy in a patient with IBD is a risk factor for colon cancer?
Colonic pseudopolyps
What are the side effect of Oxaliplatin?
Which is the most severe?
Less severe: marrow toxicity, gastrointestinal toxicity and sensory neuropathy
Severe: anaphylaxis
Regarding squamous cell carcinomas:
- What is the p16 stain?
- Where is are these cancers most likely to occur?
- Does the p16 stain confer good or poor prognosis?
- What is the p16 stain?
Surrogate for Human Papilloma Virus - Where is are these cancers most likely to occur?
Oropharaynx - Does the p16 stain confer good or poor prognosis?
Good prognosis
Which chemotherapy does NOT cause complete alopecia?
Cisplatin
Unlike (CoPED): Cyclophosphamide, Paclitaxel, Etoposide, Doxorubicin.
Describe what happens in the following 5 phases of the cell cycle: G0, G1, S, G2, M
G0 = resting phase
G1 = growth
S = DNA replication
G2 = growth and preparation for division
M = mitosis (division of the nucleus) and cytokinesis (division of the cytoplasm)
What are the 3 checkpoints within the cell cycle?
What are the conditions of ‘passing’ each checkpoint?
G1/S checkpoint:
- DNA undamaged
- cell size/nutrition/social signals adequate
S/G2 checkpoint:
- DNA undamaged
- Chromosome replication and activated MPF
M (metaphase) checkpoint:
- Chromosomes attached to spindle apparatus
Which 4 phases does the M-phase (mitotic phase) consist of in chronological order?
PMAT:
Prophase
Metaphase
Anaphase
Telophase
What types of cancers are the following genes associated with:
- BRCA1
- RET
- PTCH1
- CDH1
- VHL
- BRCA1 - triple negative breast cancer
- RET - papillary and non-medullary thyroid cancers
- PTCH1 - Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) of the skin
- CDH1 - Diffuse gastric cancer
- VHL - CNS haemangioblastoma
Inactivation or loss of function of the RET-proto-oncogene leads to which disorder?
Hirschsprung disease
Over-activation of the RET-proto-oncogene leads to which disorder?
MEN2 (PPH):
- Phaeochromocytoma
- Parathyroid tumour
- Medullary thyroid cancer
Somatic RET-proto-oncogene changes leads to which 2 types of thyroid carcinoma?
- Papillary thyroid cancer
- Non-familial medullary thyroid cancer
Which drug reduces the severity of chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy?
Duloxetine
