Oncology Flashcards
Benign Tumors
Slow growing Encapsulated Non-metastasizing Can be serious & deadly as they Compress healthy brain tissue & surrounding structures Cysts Adenoma Fibromata Lipomata
Malignant
Fast growing
Abnormal to host area
Metastasize
Grading
Grade= How cells look under microscope
Grade I: benign tissue, looks near normal and is slow growing
Grade II: malignant tissue, less normal looking cells than Grade I
Grade III: Malignant, anaplastic cells, look very different than normal cells
Grade IV: Cells look most abnormal & grow very quickly
staging
Staging depends on cell type, location and lymph node involvement
Stage 0 Carcinoma in situ.
Stage I, Stage II, and Stage III Higher numbers indicate more extensive disease: Larger tumor size and/or spread of the cancer beyond the organ in which it first developed to nearby lymph nodes and/or organs adjacent to the location of the primary tumor.
Stage IV The cancer has spread to another organ(s).
Metastatic Brain Tumors
Astrocytoma
Meningioma
Oligodendroglioma
Astrocytoma
usually originates in cerebrum
Arises from star shaped glial cells
Grade I or II=low grade glioma
Grade III= high grade anaplastic astrocytoma
Grade IV = Glioblastoma or malignant astrocytic glioma
Meningioma
Originates in meninges
Is usually slow growing, benign Grade I; but can be Grade II-IV.
Oligodendroglioma
Tumor arises from fatty cells that cover & protect nerves
Usually in cerebrum and in middle aged adults
Can be grade II or III
Metastatic Spinal Cord Involvement
SCI signs result from compression due to metastasis and CA infiltration of vertebral body Radicular pain Motor weakness Sensory disturbances Bowel & bladder dysfunction
Metastatic bone CA
> than 50% with breast lung or prostate CA eventually develop bone mets
Pain
Pathological FX
Breast CA
Affects 1 in 10 Women Affects males as well Incidence goes up with age Across all ethnic groups Mastectomy = most common procedure
Factors Influencing OT
Overall health and age of client: other secondary health issues may impact well being
Tolerance for radiation and chemo- may impact endurance and participation in daily living tasks
Caregiver health and availability
Treatment setting patient is in
Acute Hospital = post surgery
Rehab = related to other neurological or functional deficits
Home care= chemo or radiation as an outpatient, modify environment
eval and tx
Mobility Strength Postural balance/control Coordination Dexterity Manipulation Pain Endurance (Brief Fatigue Inventory, Dyspnea Scales) ROM Sensation Vision/perception Cognition ADL’s DME/AE Positioning Prevoc/leisure Psychosocial Coping
Precautions
Read the chart
No thermal or electrical modalities over malignancies
Practice universal precautions and be mindful of infection control
Aggressive exercise is often contraindicated
Clients with lymphedema need certified therapists involved in their care
Approaches
compensatory and remedial
