oncology

Question 1

what are some instructions should the nurse include in the client’s discharge teaching plan for a patient that develops myelosuppression from chemotherapy

Answer 1

Chemotherapy can cause myelosuppression, which is reduced numbers of red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets.

1. )A client receiving chemotherapy needs to avoid people who have been vaccinated recently because an exaggerated reaction may occur
2. )Because platelet counts are reduced, the client also needs to avoid activities that could cause trauma and bleeding.
3. )The client should wash her hands frequently because hand washing is the best way to prevent the spread of infection.
4. ) A client receiving chemotherapy should avoid crowded places, as well as people with colds during the flu season because she has a reduced ability to fight infection.

Signs and symptoms of infection, such as a sore throat, fever, and a cough, should be reported immediately to the physician.

Question 2

lomustine (CeeNU), 100 mg/m2 as a single dose, to treat the brain metastasis. What are the major administration and excretion routes of lomustine?

Answer 2

The major administration and excretion routes of lomustine are oral administration and urinary excretion.

Question 3

a client with bronchogenic carcinoma. Which nursing diagnosis takes highest priority?

Answer 3

Ineffective airway clearance related to obstruction by a tumor or secretions

Question 4

a patient with a long-term central venous catheter. the nurse should

Answer 4

The nurse should clean the port with an alcohol pad before administering I.V. fluid through the catheter to prevent microorganisms from entering the blood stream.

Question 5

for a pt with gallbladder cancer. Which nursing diagnosis may be appropriate for this client?

Answer 5

Anticipatory grieving is an appropriate nursing diagnosis for this client because few clients with gallbladder cancer live more than 1 year after diagnosis

Question 6

After cancer chemotherapy, a client experiences nausea and vomiting. The nurse should assign highest priority to which intervention?

Answer 6

Administering metoclopramide (Reglan) and dexamethasone (Decadron) as prescribed

Administering an antiemetic, such as metoclopramide, and an anti-inflammatory agent, such as dexamethasone, may reduce the severity of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting. This, in turn, helps prevent dehydration, a common complication of chemotherapy. The other options are less likely to achieve this outcome.

Question 7

teaching plan regarding hospice care?

Answer 7

1. )Hospice care focuses on the control of symptoms and the relief of pain at the end of life. 2.)A multidisciplinary team — possibly consisting of nurses, physicians, chaplains, aides, and volunteers — provides the care.
2. )After the client’s death, hospice provides bereavement care to the grieving family.

Question 8

Horner’s syndrome

Answer 8

which occurs when a lung tumor invades the ribs and affects the sympathetic nerve ganglia, is characterized by miosis, partial eyelid ptosis, and anhidrosis on the affected side of the face.

Question 9

The client receiving a subarachnoid block requires special positioning to prevent

Answer 9

CSF leakage and headache and to ensure proper anesthetic distribution.

Question 10

A client received chemotherapy 24 hours ago. Which precautions are necessary when caring for the client?

Answer 10

Chemotherapy drugs are present in the waste and body fluids of clients for 48 hours after administration. The nurse should wear personal protective equipment when handling blood, body fluids, or feces. Gloves offer minimal protection against exposure. The nurse should wear a face shield, gown, and gloves when exposure to blood or body fluid is likely.

Question 11

which measure is most important for preventing the spread of infection?

Answer 11

Frequent handwashing

Question 12

Lymphedema is a common postoperative side effect of

Answer 12

modified radical mastectomy and lymph node dissection

Question 13

White patches and ulcers in the mouth and throat suggest

Answer 13

candidiasis, which is common in immunocompromised clients and in those receiving radiation therapy.

Question 14

The nurse instructs the client that a diagnosis of breast cancer is confirmed by:

Answer 14

fine needle aspiration.
Fine needle aspiration and biopsy provide cells for histologic examination to confirm a diagnosis of cancer. A breast self-examination, if done regularly, is the most reliable method for detecting breast lumps early.

Question 15

Mammography

Answer 15

is used to detect tumors that are too small to palpate

Question 16

Diagnostic study findings in multiple myeloma include:

Answer 16

Presence of Bence Jones protein in the urine almost always confirms the disease, but absence doesn’t rule it out.

Question 17

A transsphenoidal adenohypophysectomy is performed to treat which type of cancer?

Answer 17

Pituitary carcinoma

Question 18

The usual treatment for vaginal cancer is

Answer 18

external or intravaginal radiation therapy. Less often, surgery is performed.

Question 19

A client suspected of having colorectal cancer will require which diagnostic study to confirm the diagnosis?

Answer 19

Sigmoidoscopy

Used to visualize the lower GI tract, sigmoidoscopy and proctoscopy aid in the detection of two-thirds of all colorectal cancers.

Question 20

Radiation therapy may cause

Answer 20

fatigue, skin toxicities, and anorexia regardless of the treatment site.

Question 21

PSA stands for

Answer 21

prostate-specific antigen, which is used to screen for prostate cancer.

Question 22

A client has been receiving chemotherapy to treat cancer. Which assessment finding suggests that the client has developed stomatitis (inflammation of the mouth)?

Answer 22

The tissue-destructive effects of cancer chemotherapy typically cause stomatitis, resulting in ulcers on the oral mucosa that appear as red, open sores

Question 23

Colorectal polyps are common

Answer 23

with colon cancer

Question 24

What is the most common form of thyroid cancer in adults?

Answer 24

Papillary carcinoma

Question 25

adverse effects of external radiation?

Answer 25

monitor the client for which adverse effects of external radiation?

1. Xerostomia
2. Stomatitis
3. Dysgeusia

Radiation of the head and neck often produces dry mouth (xerostomia), irritation of the oral mucous membranes (stomatitis), and diminished sense of taste (dysgeusia).

Question 26

When caring for a client with multiple myeloma, the nurse should focus on

Answer 26

relieving pain, preventing bone injury and infection, and maintaining hydration.

Question 27

the 7warning sign of cancer?

Answer 27

1. )Indigestion, or difficulty swallowing
2. )bowel or bladder habits
3. ) a sore that does not heal,
4. )unusual bleeding or discharge,
5. )a thickening or lump in the breast or elsewhere,
6. ) an obvious change in a wart or mole,
7. ) nagging cough or hoarseness.

Question 28

The nurse should tell the client to do her self-examination:

Answer 28

Premenopausal women should do their self-examination immediately after the menstrual period, when the breasts are least tender and least lumpy

Question 29

Testicular cancer has been linked to

Answer 29

cryptorchidism (failure of one or both testes to descend into the scrotum) appears to play a role in testicular cancer, even when corrected surgically.

Question 30

What is the most important postoperative instruction the nurse must give a client who has just returned from the operating room after receiving a subarachnoid block?

Answer 30

The nurse should instruct the client to remain supine for the time specified by the physician.

Question 31

A client with a cerebellar brain tumor may suffer injury from

Answer 31

impaired balance as well as disturbed gait and incoordination.

Question 32

TIS, N0, M0. What does this classification mean?

Answer 32

Carcinoma in situ, no abnormal regional lymph nodes, and no evidence of distant metastasis

Question 33

The American Cancer Society recommends that women get mammograms:

Answer 33

yearly after age 40

Question 34

Testicular cancer is highly curable, particularly when it’s treated in its early stage

Answer 34

Testicular cancer is highly curable, particularly when it’s treated in its early stage

Question 35

esophageal cancer is highest in:

Answer 35

Black males

Question 36

For a client newly diagnosed with radiation-induced thrombocytopenia, the nurse should include which intervention in the care plan?

Answer 36

Because thrombocytopenia impairs blood clotting, the nurse should inspect the client regularly for signs of bleeding, such as petechiae, purpura, epistaxis, and bleeding gums. The nurse should avoid administering aspirin because it may increase the risk of bleeding.

Question 37

the most common AIDS-related cancer?

Answer 37

Kaposi’s sarcoma

Question 38

Dysplasia refers to

Answer 38

an alteration in the size, shape, and organization of differentiated cells.

Question 39

People with type __?? blood have a 10% greater risk for gastric cancer.

Answer 39

People with type A blood have a 10% greater risk for gastric cancer.

Question 40

To combat the most common adverse effects of chemotherapy, the nurse would administer an:

Answer 40

Antiemetics are used to treat nausea and vomiting.

Question 41

one of the most common metastasis sites for cancer cells?

Answer 41

The liver is one of the five most common cancer metastasis sites. The others are the lymph nodes, lung, bone, and brain.

Question 42

Which intervention is appropriate for the nurse caring for a client in severe pain receiving a continuous I.V. infusion of morphine?

Answer 42

Obtaining baseline vital signs before administering the first dose

Question 43

A client with advanced liver cancer is scheduled for chemotherapy. As part of the chemotherapy regimen, the nurse expects the physician to prescribe:

Answer 43

fluorouracil (5-fluorouracil, 5 FU [Fluoroplex]).

Question 44

Which criterion excludes the client from hospice care?

Answer 44

The client involved in a clinical trial isn’t a candidate for hospice care.

Question 45

When caring for a client diagnosed with a brain tumor of the parietal lobe, the nurse expects to assess:

Answer 45

Tactile agnosia (inability to identify objects by touch) is a sign of a parietal lobe tumor.

Question 46

the highest risk of ovarian cancer?

Answer 46

The incidence of ovarian cancer increases in women who have never been pregnant, are over age 40, are infertile, or have menstrual irregularities

Question 47

bone cancer may cause which electrolyte disturbance?

Answer 47

Hypercalcemia
clients with bone cancer, tumor destruction of bone commonly causes excessive calcium release. When the calcium-excreting capacity of the kidneys and GI tract is exceeded, the serum calcium level rises above normal, leading to hypercalcemia.

Question 48

Laryngeal cancer is

Answer 48

one of the most preventable types of cancer; it can be prevented by abstaining from excessive drinking and smoking.

Question 49

signs of extravasation, which occurs when the medication leaks into the surrounding tissues and causes

Answer 49

swelling, burning, or pain at the injection site

Question 50

When irrigating, how far into the stoma should the client insert the lubricated catheter?

Answer 50

2” to 4”

Question 51

Which screening test for colorectal cancer should the nurse recommend?

Answer 51

Annual digital examination after age 40

Question 52

The nurse administers chemotherapeutic drugs to a client with cancer. What adverse effects are most common?

Answer 52

Nausea and vomiting

Question 53

Which nursing intervention is most likely to decrease the pain of stomatitis?

Answer 53

Providing a solution of hydrogen peroxide and water for use as a mouth rinse

Question 54

Ovarian cancer usually requires

Answer 54

aggressive treatment — initially, surgery

Question 55

Which is the most common type of cancer in women?”

Answer 55

Lung cancer is the most deadly type of cancer in both women and men.

Question 56

Which finding is an early indicator of bladder cancer?

Answer 56

Painless hematuria

As cancer cells destroy normal bladder tissue, bleeding occurs and causes painless hematuria.

Question 57

best detect early signs and symptoms of thrombocytopenia?

Answer 57

The nurse should closely observe the client’s skin for petechiae and bruising.