Oncology Flashcards
Residual Tumour Classification
RX- The presence of residual tumor cannot be assessed.
R0- No residual Tumour
R1- Microscopic Residual Tumour
R2- Macroscopic Residual Tumour
Anthracyclines e.g Doxorubicin
Dilated Cardiomyopathy
Li- Fraumani syndrome
Mutations in the p53 gene result in a high risk of developing invasive cancer (about 50% by age 30 and 90% by age 70), particularly early-onset breast cancer, sarcoma, brain tumours (particularly glioblastoma), leukaemia and adrenocortical carcinoma.
P53 mutation
Bronchial Carcinoma
HER 2 Negative metastatic breast cancer and germline BRCA1/2 mutation
PARP inhibitors, Olaparib
Prostate Cancer
Gleason Grading System
PCR
Polymerase chain reactions are used to detect mutated oncogenes
Bombesin
Bombesin is a tumour marker in small cell lung carcinomas
SIGN guidelines for pain management
-The breakthrough dose of morphine is one-sixth the daily dose of morphine
- all patients who receive opioids should be prescribed a laxative
- opioids should be used with caution in patients with chronic kidney disease
- oxycodone is preferred to morphine in palliative patients with mild-moderate renal impairment
- if renal impairment is more severe, alfentanil, buprenorphine and fentanyl are preferred
- metastatic bone pain may respond to strong opioids, bisphosphonates or radiotherapy.
Oral codeine to Oral morphine
Divide by 10
Oral tramadol to Oral morphine
Divide by 10
Oral morphine to Oral oxycodone Divide by 1.5-2
Oral morphine to Subcutaneous morphine
Divide by 2
Oral morphine to Subcutaneous diamorphine
Divide by 3
Oral oxycodone to Subcutaneous diamorphine
Divide by 1.5
- a transdermal fentanyl 12 microgram patch equates to approximately 30 mg oral morphine daily
- a transdermal buprenorphine 10 microgram patch equates to approximately 24 mg oral morphine daily.
