Oncology

Question 1

Bone metastasis features:

Answer 1

Pain
Pathological fractures
Hypercalcaemia
Raised ALP

Question 2

Aflatoxin dyes (produced by aspergillus):

Answer 2

Liver (hepatocellular carcinoma)

Question 3

Aniline dyes:

Answer 3

Bladder (transitional cell carcinomas)

Question 4

Nitrosamines:

Answer 4

Oesophageal and gastric cancers

Question 5

Vinyl chloride:

Answer 5

Hepatic angiosarcoma

Question 6

HPV infected endocervical cells changes:

Answer 6

Koilocytes

Question 7

Chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting:

Answer 7

low risk: Metoclopramide

high risk: 5HT3 receptor antagonist (Ondansetron) combined with dexamethasone

Question 8

Alkylating agent which can cause:
Haemorrhagic cystitis
Myelosuppression
Transitional cell carcinoma

Answer 8

CYCLOPHOSPHAMIDE

Mesna can be given to combat haemorrhagic cystitis)

Question 9

Cytotoxic antibitoics causing;
lung fibrosis:
cardiomyopathy:

Answer 9

Bleomycin

Anthracyclines (doxorubicin)

Question 10

Chemotherapies acting on microtubules: which cause
Peripheral neuropathy and paralytic ileus:
myelosuppression:
Neutropenia:

Answer 10

Vincristine
Vinblastine
Docetaxel

Question 11

Cytotoxic drug which causes ototoxicity, peripheral neuropathy and hypomagnesaemia:

Answer 11

Cisplatin

Question 12

BCRA 2 mutation assoc. with which cancer in males:

Answer 12

Prostate cancer

Question 13

Lynch syndrome cancers:

Criteria for high risk individuals

Answer 13

Colonic and/or endometrial cancers at young age

Amsterdam criteria

Question 14

Gardners syndrome (variant of HNPCC): at risk of:

Answer 14

Colonic polyps turning into colorectal cancers

Question 15

Investigating metastatic disease of an unknown primary:

which investigations:

Answer 15

FBC, U&Es, LFT, calcium, urinalysis, LDH

CXR, CTcap, AFP and hCG

Question 16

Central lung cancer

Answer 16

Squamous cell carcinoma

Question 17

Peripheral lung cancers

Answer 17

Adenocarcinoma and large cell

Question 18

Earliest and most common symptom in neoplastic spinal cord compression (NSCC)

Answer 18

Back pain - may be worse lying down or coughing

Question 19

NSCC Ix:

Mx:

Answer 19

Full body MRI within 24 hours

high dose oral corticosteroids and urgent oncological assessment

Question 20

Thoracic back pain:

Answer 20

Red flag: Urgent referral

Question 21

Management of superior vena cava obstruction:

Answer 21

Endovascular stenting is first choice for symptomatic relief 
certain malignancies (lymphoma, SCLC) may benefit from radical chemo or RT over stenting

Question 22

CA 15-3

Answer 22

Breast cancer

Question 23

AFP

Answer 23

Hepatocellular carcinoma, teratoma

Question 24

S-100

Answer 24

Melanoma, schwannoma

Question 25

Bombesin:

Answer 25

SCLC, gastic cancer, neuroblastoma