Neonates Flashcards
APGAR - pulse scores
> 100 = 2
< 100 = 1
Absent = 0
Second A in APGAR
score:
Activity
Active motion = 2
Some muscle tone = 1
Loose/floppy = 0
Respiratory effort in APGAR
Cries well = 2
Slow irregular breathing = 1
Not breathing = 0
Respiratory distress syndrome in preterm infant prevention
Pre-natal STEROIDS
2 doses, 12 hours apart
Long term complication associated w/ ventilation of babies
Broncho-pulmonary dysplasia
Necrotising enterocolitis px.
Poor feeding
Mucous and blood stained diarrhoea
Abdominal distension and tenderness
Necrotising enterocolitis ix.
Abdominal X-ray
Necrotising enterocolitis ix. findings:
Asymmetrical dilated loops of bowel
Oedema and pneumostasis intestinalis - air cysts in the bowel wall.
Pre-term delivery head injury
Periventricular haemorrhage
Periventricular haemorrhage may progress to:
Intra-ventricular and intra cerebral haemorrhage
Neonatal sepsis antibiotics:
Benzyl penicillin
Gentamicin
Antibiotics required for:
Neonatal pneumonia
Neonatal meningitis
UTI
Amoxicillin
Cefotaxime + Amoxicillin
Amoxicillin + Gentamicin
Ophthalmia neonatorum causative organism
Chlamydia from mother to baby
Transient tachypnoea of the newborn - main cause
C-section delivery
Failure to adequately clear fluid from the lungs following delivery.
Mx. TTN
Rule out other causes of increased RR
Monitor - most resolve w/in 24 hours
Meconium aspiration syndrome occurs due to either:
Fetal distress
Post-term baby
Meconium aspiration syndrome mx:
Suctioning and supportive care
Main causes of neonatal heart failure:
TORCH infections
Chromosome abnormalities
Rhesus Haemolytic disease
Mx. Persistent pulmonary hypertension of newborn:
Supportive care
Inotropes to increase systemic pressure while foetal circulation naturally adapts