Oncology Flashcards
The following factors suggest the presence of hereditary cancers, except:
a. Clustering of the same cancer type in relatives
b. Occurence of cancer in association with other pathognomonic skin lesions
c. Presence of unilateral disease
d. Presence of cancer in the less affected sex
c. Presence of unilateral disease
True about hereditary breast cancer
a. The likelihood of BRCA mutation is higher in patients of German descents
b. The cummulative risk of BRCA1 mutation carriers in developing breast and endometrial cancer is 87% & 44% respectively
c. Majority of families with male breast cancer are more common with BRCA2 mutations
d. Of women with late onset breast cancer, newrly 10% have germline mutation in one BRCA gene
c. Majority of families with male breast cancer are more common with BRCA2 mutations
a. Ashkenazi Jewish, not German
b. Ovarian cancer, not endometrial cancer
d. Early onset, not late onset
The following are true about Hereditary Nonpolyposis colon cancer (HNPCC), except:
a. Lynch syndrome is an autosomal recessive hereditary cancer syndrome that predisposes to a wide spectrum of cancers
b. Lynch syndrome 2 is associated with early onset colorectal cancer accompanied by high risk for carcinima of the ureter and renal pelvis
c. Atleast two successive generations affect and one diagnosed before the age 50y
d. The germline mutations identified in HNPCC is due to mismatch repair
a. Lynch syndrome is an autosomal recessive hereditary cancer syndrome that predisposes to a wide spectrum of cancers
Autosomal dominant
Several human virus are known to have oncogenic properties, which of the following characteristic is true about viral carcinogens:
a. DNA tumor viruses are cellular in origin and does not require host cell machinery
b. Oncogenic RNA viruses are retroviruses and contain reverse transcriptase
c. All immunocompromised individuals infected with an oncogenic virus develop malignancies d. Retroviral infection of a cell is temporary and does not integrate to the host DNA sequence
b. Oncogenic RNA viruses are retroviruses and contain reverse transcriptase
a. DNA tumor viruses are viral, not cellular in origin, and require host cell machinery to reproduce.
c. Most patients infected with oncogenic virus do not develop cancer.
d. Retroviral infection is permanent and itnegrate into the host DNA.
A 40y/o male went to your clinic, his father was diagnosed with prostate cancer just recently. He wanted to know if he can be screened for any cancer that he might develop in the near future. The following statements are true regarding serum markers, except:
a. CA 15-3 are more useful in following the course of treatment in women with early-stage breast cancer
b. PSA levels have been shown to be useful in evaluating the effectiveness of prostate cancer treatment and monitoring for recurrence after therapy
c. Based on ASCO 2006 guidelines, there are insufficient data to recommend use of Ca 19-9 for screening, diagnosis or determination of operability of pancreatic cancer
d. Pre-operative elevation of CEA is an indicator of poor prognosis
a. CA 15-3 are more useful in following the course of treatment in women with early-stage breast cancer
a. Late stage or advanced breast cancer, not early
Which statement is incorrect regarding surgical management of lymph node basin?
a. The efficacy of SLNB is base on SLN identification rate and false-positive rate
b. Careful manual palpation is a crucial part during SLNB to minimize the false-negative rate
c. According to ACOSOGZ11, the use of sentinel lymph node compared with axillary lymph node dissection result in superior survival benefits
d. Soft tissue sarcoma commonly metastasizes to regional lymph nodes (>5%) therefore requiring complete lymph node dissection
d. Soft tissue sarcoma commonly metastasizes to regional lymph nodes (>5%) therefore requiring complete lymph node dissection
d. Soft tissue sarcoma commonly metastasizes to regional lymph nodes (>5%) therefore requiring complete lymph node dissection
True statements about preoperative chemotherapy except:
a. Patient selection is critical to ensure that the opportunity to treat the disease surgically is not lost by giving preoperative chemotherapy
b. Response to chemotherapy is assessed subjectively using RECIST criteria
c. Preoperative regression of tumors can facilitate resection of unresectable tumors and allow a more conservative surgery be done on operable tumors at the onset
d. Preoperative chemotherapy allows treatment of micrometastasis without the delay of postoperative recovery
b. Response to chemotherapy is assessed subjectively using RECIST criteria
Objectively, not subjectively
Combination chemotherapy provide greater efficacy than single-agent therapy by:
a. It offers a broader range of coverage of resistant cell lines in a heterogenous population
b. It provides maximum cell kill within the range of toxicity for each drug that can be tolerated by the host
c. It prevents or delays the emergence of drug-resistant cell lines
d. All of the above
d. All of the above
The following about cancer treatment are correct except:
a. Interleukin-2 stimulates proliferation of cytotoxic T lymphocytes and maturation of natural killer cells into lymphokine-activated killer cells
b. T cells recognize antigens on the surface of target cells as small peptides presented by class I and II MHC molecules
c. Interferons exert antitumor effect by inhibiting tumor proliferation and by enhancing HLA class I expression on tumor cells
d. Targeted therapies are aimed at directly targeting the tumor cells
d. Targeted therapies are aimed at directly targeting the tumor cells
targeted therapies are directed at the processes involved in tumor growth rather than directly targeting the tumor cells
Radiation therapy improve cancer management by:
a. Single or double -strand breaks in the sugar phosphate backbone of the DNA molecule resulting in Dna damage
b. The most radiosensitive phases of the cell cycle are S and G1 phases
c. Franctionation refers to the process of allowing cells in G1 and S phase to progress to more sensitive phases
d. Thymidine analogues are used to decrease sensitivity of tissues to radiation thereby preventing side effects cause by the treatment
a. Single or double -strand breaks in the sugar phosphate backbone of the DNA molecule resulting in Dna damage
b. G2 and M phases are the most radiosensitive
c. Reassortment, not fractionation
d. thymidine analogues increase sensitivity
