Immunology and Transplant Flashcards
Class I HLA antigens are expressed on the membrane of:
A. All nucleated cells
B. B lymphocytes
C. Monocytes
D. Dendritic cells
A. All nucleated cells
B-D express Class II HLA antigens
Which of the following immunosuppressive drugs inhibits IL-2 synthesis?
A. Azathioprine
B. Mycophenolate mofetil
C. Tacrolimus
D. Sirolimus
C. Tacrolimus
Cyclosporine inhibits T-cell activation by:
A. Directly binding to T-cell surface membrane B. Increasing production of IL-2
C. Decreasing production of IL-10
D. Inhibiting calcineurin
D. Inhibiting calcineurin
The most significant side effect of sirolimus is:
A. Nephrotoxicity
B. Thrombocytopenia
C. Glucose intolerance
D. Leukopenia
B. Thrombocytopenia
Cyclosporine levels may be decreased in patients who are also taking:
A. Phenytoin
B. Erythromycin
C. Cimetidine
D. Fluconazole
A. Phenytoin
Bowel removed from a living donor for small bowel transplant is most commonly:
A. Proximal jejunum
B. Mid to distal jejunum
C. Proximal ileum
D. Mid to distal ileum
D. Mid to distal ileum
The most appropriate treatment of a lymphocele following renal transplantation is:
A. Observation until resolution
B. Percutaneous aspiration
C. Laparoscopic or open peritoneal window
D. Open exploration with sclerotherapy
B. Percutaneous aspiration
The major cause of death following renal transplantation is:
A. Rejection with acute renal failure
B. Vascular (myocardial infarction or stroke)
C. Malignancy
D. Sepsis
D. Sepsis
The leading cause of graft loss following renal transplantation is:
A. Recipient death
B. Acute rejection
C. Chronic nephropathy
D. Pyelonephritis
A. Recipient death
The most common etiology of liver failure in patients undergoing liver transplantation is:
A. Alcoholic cirrhosis B. Metabolic disease C. Chronic hepatitis D. Fulminant (acute) liver failure e
C. Chronic hepatitis
Following biopsy which shows no vascular or lymphatic invasion, which of the following patients with hepatocellular carcinoma would be considered a candidate for liver transplantation?
A. A single tumor in the left lobe 5.5 cm in diameter
B. Two tumors, both in the right lobe, 3.5 cm and 2.5 cm in diameter
C. Three tumors, in the right and left lobes, 2.5 cm, 2.8 cm, and 1.0 cm in diameter
D. None of the above
C. Three tumors, in the right and left lobes, 2.5 cm, 2.8 cm, and 1.0 cm in diameter
Milan criteria
Which of the following is an indication for liver transplantation in a patient with acute liver failure?
A. INR >6.5
B. Age < 40
C. Creatinine > 2.0
D. Duration of jaundice >3 days rior to onset of encephalopathy
A. INR >6.5
Which of the following is one of the variables of the MELD score?
A. Creatinine
B. Age
C. Degree of encephalopathy
D. Cause of hepatic failure
A. Creatinine
The most common vascular complication after liver transplantation is:
A. Hepatic vein thrombosis
B. Portal vein thrombosis
C. Hepatic artery thrombosis
D. Inferior vena cava thrombosis
C. Hepatic artery thrombosis
PTLD (posttransplant lymphoproliferative disorder) is caused by:
A. Poorly controlled immunosuppression B. Induction of lymphocyte antigens by immunosuppression
C. Cytomegalovirus infection
D. Epstein-Barr virus infection
D. Epstein-Barr virus infection
The most common indication for pediatric liver transplantation is:
A. Wilson’s disease
B. Alagille’s syndrome
C. Biliary atresia
D. Tryosinemia
C. Biliary atresia
Following transplantation, patients are at increased risk for which of the following malignancies? A. Melanoma B. Kaposi's sarcoma C. Colon cancer D. Follicular carcinoma of the thyroid
A. Melanoma
The imminent and most devastating postoperative infection is caused by?
A. Staphylococcus aureus
B. E. coli
C. Cytomegalovirus (CMV)
D. HIV
C. Cytomegalovirus (CMV)
Which of the following is an absolute contraindication to pediatric orthotopic liver transplantation?
A. Portal vein thrombosis
B. Three previous reoperative portoenterostomies for biliary atresia
C. Bilobar hepatoblastoma with pulmonary metastasis
D. A diagnosis oxalosis with concomitant acute renal failure
C. Bilobar hepatoblastoma with pulmonary metastasis
Which of the following immunosuppressive agents specifically inhibits interleukin-2 production by T-lymphocytes?
A. Azathioprine
B. Prednisone
C. Cyclophosphamide
D. Tacrolimus
D. Tacrolimus
The initial study used to evaluate posttransplant renal allograft dysfunction developing 24 hours after transplantation should be?
A. Arteriography
B. Perfusion scan
C. Duplex ultrasonography
D. Percutaneous biopsy
C. Duplex ultrasonography
Immunosuppression in transplant recipients increases the risk of each of the following EXCEPT? A. Bacterial infections B. Malignancy C. Anemia D. Malnutrition
D. Malnutrition
Unilateral ankle swelling after kidney transplantation can be caused by all of the following EXCEPT?
A. Lymphocele
B. Ureteral leak
C. Femoral vein thrombosis
D. Position of the kidney in the iliac fossa
D. Position of the kidney in the iliac fossa
Cyclopsorine administration is associated with all of the following EXCEPT?
A. Elevated serum creatinine
B. Hypertension
C. Hyperkalemia
D. Leukopenia
D. Leukopenia
