Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

PHTY APPB > Oncology > Flashcards

Oncology Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 5 stages in the cancer trajectory?

A 
Prevention
Diagnosis
Interventions
Survivorship Issues 
End of life issues
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What role do practitioners have during prevention stage?

A

Diet and Physical activity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What role do practitioners hve during diagnosis stage?

A

Mammograms
Ultrasound
Digital Tomosynthesis
Screening

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What role do practitioners have during interventions stage?

A

Surgery
Radio
CHemo
Hormone treatments

  • Associated impacts following treatment
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What role do practitioners have during survivorship stage?

A

Physical, emotional, psychosocial, economic care post intervention

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Describe the stages of cancer classification system

A

TNM system
T- tumour and size 0-4
N- Regional lymph nodes 0-3
M- Metastasis 0-1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

How can you determine where the original cancer cells originate from?

A

Metastatic cells have the same properties as original cancer cells.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are the 4 treatments for cancer?

A

Surgery
Chemotherapy
Radiotherapy
Adjuvant Treatments

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What side effects occur due to surgery?

A
  • Pain
  • Neurological damage/ changes
  • Swelling
  • Movement restrictions
  • Axillary web syndrome
  • SOB
  • Incontinence
  • Sexual dysfunction
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What side effects occur due to chemotherapy?

A

Neuropathies
Pain
Swelling
SOB

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What side effects occur due to radiotherapy?

A

Pain
Tissue fibrosis
Swelling
Movement restrictions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Adjuvant therapies

A

Pain
Movement restrictions
Bone loss

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What occurs in lymph node dissection groups vs non

A

Symptom increases in intensity with ALND and take longer to recover.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are 2 sources of pain?

A 
Tumour- pressing on tissue
Treatment from cancer
- nerve damage during surgery, chemo, radio
- nerve receptors sensitised by chemo
- other medication side effects
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the course of pain in first 18 months after surgery?

A

Severe or moderate pain from early stages generally does not improve.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the course of pain in first 18 months after surgery?

A

Severe or moderate pain from early stages generally does not improve.

17
Q

How many women experience neuropathic pain post BC treatment

A

1/3

18
Q

Define neuropathic pain

A

Pain caused by damage or disease affecting somatosensory nervous system.
Can present with dysesthesia or allodynia.

19
Q

What do you need to screen and assess for pain and neuropathic pain

A
  • Detailed history
  • Physical assessment : sensory testing including touch, pinprick, pressure, cold/heat, vibration
  • motor function: muscle strength, tone, reflexes
20
Q

What are other sensory changes patients experience?

A

Paraesthesia: numbness, tingling, hardness
Hyperesthesia: excessive sensitivity
Dysesthesia: abnormal, unpleasant sensation when touched

21
Q

What are the treatments for pain?

A

Medical: pharmaceuticals
- Simple analgesics, NSAIDs, Opioids

Physio

  • Early and correctly completed ROM exercises
  • movement and exercise program
  • Manual therapy
  • EDUCATION
22
Q

How can CBT help with pain?

A

Helps patient self-address and change unhelpful ways of thinking. Essentially positive thinking

23
Q

What is CIPN?

Chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathies

A
  • Pain, sensory and occasionally neuromotor changes as a result of chemotherapy
  • taxane based chemo

Unclear incidence, pathophysiology, treatment

24
Q

What symptoms arise from CIPN?

A

Symptoms begin in extremities, hands and feed and move upwards
Includes pain, burning, tingling, numbness, electric shock, pins and needles, temperature sensitivity.

25
Q

What are the treatments for neuropathic pain?

A

No current clinical guidelines

  • medication
  • Address impairments if possibe
  • pain relief and rehabilitative care
  • Protect hands and feet
  • Multimodal exercise: low impact exercises + balance/proprioception
26
Q

What is axillary web syndrome?

- cording, webbing, fibrous cording

A

Visible web of axillary skin overlying palpable cords of tissue that are tout during abduction.

  • Usually appears 3 months post surgery and resolves within same time
  • pathophysiology unclear
27
Q

What is the incidence of AWS?

A

Unclear incidence
Higher in those who undergo ALND
Higher in breast conserving surgery

28
Q

How can you you diagnose AWS?

A

Primarily: Patient reported symptoms

  • feeling of tightness through axilla
  • Pulling sensation
  • Pain in axilla radiating down arm
  • Palpation
  • Reduced ROM, shoulder abd
29
Q

Treatments for AWS?

A
  1. Education: post op education and reassurance
  2. Exercises: stretching, ROM, strength, postural advice
  3. Manual therapy: Myofascial release techniques, manual lymphatic drainage
30
Q

What cancers might cause pelvic floor dysfunction?

A
  • Prostate, cervical, some GI/rectal
31
Q

How can you prevent pelvic floor dysfunction?

A

Pelvic floor strengthening prior to surgery, as issues appear 3-6 months post surgery.

32
Q

What are the exercise guidelines for cancer patients?

A

Similar to health populations. Should be tailored to meet specific needs and impairments.

33
Q

What are the effects of exercise?

A
  • Address physical impairments
  • Improve psychosocial impairments
  • Reduce factors related to recurrence
  • May improve treatment efficacy
34
Q

What is cancer related fatigue?

A

Persistent sense of tiredness, impacts functioning

Impacts are widespread

35
Q

What type of exercise should patients do?

A

Specific, tailored multimodal exercise.

Consider patient preferences

36
Q

Why are fractor risks higher in postmenopausal women with BC?

A
  • Oestrogen loss and bone mineral density loss postmenopause
  • Aromatase inhibitor therapy for oestrogen positive tumours
  • In males: androgen depriation therapy
37
Q

What are the two medications used to treat breast cancer cells?

A

Tamoxifen: increase bone density post menopausal women
Aromatase inhibitors: Stop androgens from being changed to oestrogen, decreases bone mineral density

Medications are usually cycled during treatment

PHTY APPB (10 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions