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NAPLEX Prep > Oncology 1 > Flashcards

Oncology 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the CAUTION signs of cancer?

A

Change in bowel or bladder habits
A sore that won’t heal
Thickening or lump
Indigestion or difficulty swallowing
Obvious change in wart or mole
Nagging cough or hoarseness

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2
Q

What cancer screening is recommended starting at age 21? How often is screening recommended?

A

Pap smear every 3 years

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3
Q

What cancer screening is recommended starting at age 30? How often is screening recommended?

A

Pap smear every 3 years and HPV tests every 5 years

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4
Q

What cancer screening is recommended starting at age 45 in females? How often is screening recommended?

A

Mammogram every year

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5
Q

What cancer screening is recommended starting at age 45? How often is screening recommended?

A

Stool based colon test every year and/or colonoscopy every 10 years

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6
Q

What is the maximum dose of bleomycin? Why does it have a maximum?

A

lifetime cumulative dose of 400 units due to pulmonarytoxicity toxicity

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7
Q

What is the maximum dose of doxorubicin? Why does it have a maximum?

A

lifetime cumulative dose of 450-550 mg/m^2 due to cardiomyopathy

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8
Q

What is the maximum dose of cisplatin? Why does it have a maximum?

A

Cycle maximum dose of 100mg/m^2 due to nephrotoxicity

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9
Q

What is the maximum dose of vincristine? Why does it have a maximum?

A

Single dose maximum of 2mg due to neuropathy

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10
Q

What chemotherapies commonly cause myelosuppression?

A

All except asparaginase, bleomycin, vincristine

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11
Q

What chemotherapies commonly cause nausea and vomiting?

A

Cisplatin, cyclophosphamide, ifosfamide, doxorubicin

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12
Q

What chemotherapies commonly cause mucositis?

A

Fluorouracil, methotrexate, capecitabine, irinotecan

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13
Q

What chemotherapies commonly cause diarrhea?

A

Irinotecan, capecitabine, fluorouracil, methotrexate

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14
Q

What chemotherapies commonly cause constipation?

A

Vincristine

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15
Q

What chemotherapies commonly cause cardiomyopathy?

A

Anthracyclines, HER2 inhibitors, fluorouracil

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16
Q

What chemotherapies commonly cause QT prolongation?

A

TKIs and leuprolide

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17
Q

What chemotherapies commonly cause pulmonary fibrosis?

A

Bleomycin, busulfan, carmustine

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18
Q

What chemotherapies commonly cause pneumonitis?

A

Immune check point inhibitors, methotrexate

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19
Q

What chemotherapies commonly cause hepatotoxicity?

A

Bicalutamide,flutamide, nilutamide, methotrexate

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20
Q

What chemotherapies commonly cause nephrotoxicity?

A

Cisplatin, methotrexate

21
Q

What chemotherapies commonly cause hemorrhagic cystitis?

A

Ifosfamide, cyclophosphamide at doses > 1 gm/m^2

22
Q

What chemotherapies commonly cause peripheral neuropathy?

A

Vinca alkaloids, platinums, taxanes

23
Q

What chemotherapies commonly cause autonomic neuropathy?

A

Vinca alkaloids

24
Q

What chemotherapies commonly carry a thromboembolic risk?

A

Aromatase inhibitors, SERMs, immunomodulators

25
Q

When does the nadir occur? when do patients normally recover?

A

The WBC and platelet nadir occurs 7-14 days after chemotherapy and recovers 3-4 weeks after treatment

26
Q

What therapies are given to prevent neutropenia?

A

Filgrastim (Neupogen) daily
Pegfilgrastim (Neulasta) once per cycle

27
Q

What are the diagnostic requirement for febrile neutropenia

A

oral temp > 38.3 degrees celsius and ANC less than 500 cell/mm^3

28
Q

What initial empiric antibiotics are given for febrile neutropenia?

A

Gram positive and gram negative including pseudomonas

Gram negative bacteria have the highest risk for causing spesis

29
Q

What therapy is given for anemia?

A

Natural recovery or blood transfusions
if hemoglobin is <10 g/dL ESAs

30
Q

How long are patients at risk of experiencing nausea and vomiting after chemotherapy?

A

three days after receiving their dose

31
Q

How many antiemetic therapies are recommended for high emetic risk chemotherapy?

A

3 to 4

32
Q

What antiemetic therapies are are used for chemotherapy induce nausea and vomiting?

A

5HT3 RAs, NK1-RAs, dopamine RAs, olanzepine, and dexamethasone

33
Q

What drugs are NK1-RAs?

A

Aprepitant (Emend), Fosprepitant (Emend), Netipitant + palonosetron (Akynzea)

34
Q

What are side effects of NK1-RAs?

A

hiccups, dizziness, constipation, fatigue

35
Q

What drugs are 5HT3 RAs?

A

Ondansetron (zofran), Granisetron (Sancuso), and Palonosetron (Aloxil)

36
Q

What are side effects of 5HT3 RAs?

A

HA, constipation,seretonin syndrome, increased QT interval (more with IV)

37
Q

What medication is contraindicated to use with 5HT3 RAs?

A

apomorphine because the combination can cause severe hypotension

38
Q

What medications are dopamine RAs?

A

Prochlorperazine (Compazine), Promethazine (Phenergan), and Metoclopramide (Reglan)

39
Q

What are side effects of dopamine RAs?

A

sedation, lethargy, acute EPS, and anticholinergic side effects

40
Q

What is the black box warning for prochlorperazine?

A

Compazine carries an increased risk of mortality in elderly patients with dementia-related psychosis

41
Q

What is the black box warning for promethazine?

A

Phenergan can cause serious tissue injury if given subcutaneously due to extravasation

42
Q

What is the black box warning for metoclopramide?

A

Reglan can cause irreversible tardive dyskinesia avoid using for more than 12 weeks and decrease the dose for renal impairment

43
Q

What is the black box warning for droperidol?

A

Droperidol can cause QT prolongation and serious arrhythmias. It is not used for CINV

44
Q

What drugs are cannabinoids?

A

Dronabinol (Marinol) and discontinued nabilone (Cesamet)

45
Q

What is the maximum dose of loperamide?

A

16 mg/day

46
Q

What types of diarrhea can irinotecan cause and what it used to treat them?

A

Irinotecan can cause early-onset diarrhea treated with atropine and delayed diarrhea treated with loperamide

47
Q

How is mucositis managed?

A

good oral hygiene, salt or baking soda rinse, 2% viscous lidocaine or dexamethasone risen for MTOR inhibitors

48
Q

What is hand and foot syndrome?

A

Tenderness, pain, inflammation and peeling of palms and soles of the feet due to chemotherapy leaking out of capillaries

49
Q

What drugs cause hand and foot syndrome and how is it managed?

A

-Fluorouracil, capecitabine, sorafenib, and sunitinib
-Cool hands/feet, apply emollients, topical pain and steroid medications, prophylactic urea cream

NAPLEX Prep (4 decks)

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