Oncological emergencies - writtens Flashcards

1
Q

Mx of SVC obstruction

A

Dexamethasone

Consider stenting

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2
Q

Causes of SVC obstruction

A

Malignancy: lung cancer, LNs, thymus

SVC thrombosis: due to CVC

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3
Q

Facial plethora
Engorged neck veins
Orthopnea

A

SVC obstruction

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4
Q

Ix for ?SVCO

A
  • Sputum cytology - LUNG CA
  • CXR
  • CT
  • Venography
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5
Q

Peutz Jeghers
Visible features?
Risk?

A

Multiple telangiectasia on face, oral mucosa, palms

GI hamartamous polyps

  • increased risk of CRC + other Ca
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6
Q

BRCA genes

A

BRCA 1 = breast + ovarian

BRCA2 = breast

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7
Q

HNPCC - what is it?

A

Increased risk of CRC (usually R sided)

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8
Q

What is FAP

what surgery do they often have

A

Autosomal dominant Chr5 mutation
Promotes b-catenin (an oncogene)
- need another mutation eg Kras or p53

Panproctocolectomy + end ileostomy

100% risk of CRC

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9
Q

Most common cancers - top 4

A

Skin
Breast/prostate
Lung
CRC

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10
Q

Commonest mortality from cancer

A

Lung
Breast/prostate
CRC

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11
Q

Febrile neutropenia - WCC?

Mx?

A

PMN <1x10^9

Isolation + barrier nursing
Broad spectrum IV ABx, antifungals, antivirals

COtrimoxazole

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12
Q

Spinal cord compression - presentation?
Ix?
Mx?

A

LMN @level
Radicular pain
UMN below level

Ix: MRI spine
Mx: Dexamethasone + neurosurgical referral

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13
Q

Specific sign in SVCO?

A

Pemberton’s sign

- Raise arms for >1 min –> facial plethora, wheeze, raised JVP

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14
Q

Causes of hypercalcemia in malignancy - give 2

A

PTHrP

Lytic bone mets

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15
Q

Symptoms of hypercalcemia

A
Confusion
Lethargy
Polyuria, polydipsia
Abdominal pain
Constipation
Renal stones
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16
Q

Mx of lytic bone mets causing hypercalcemia?

A
  • Aggressive rehydration
  • Once normovolemic, give furosemide to make more room for fluids
  • Bisphosphantes (once primary HPT is excluded)
17
Q

SE of cyclophosphamide

A

Haemorrhage cystitis

18
Q

SE of doxorubicin

A

Cardiomyopathy

19
Q

SE of bleomycin

A

Pulmonary fibrosis

20
Q

SE of 5FU

A

Mucositis

21
Q

Palliation radiotherapy - what symptoms can it be used to treat?

A
Bone pain
Haemoptysis
Cough
SOB
Bleeding
22
Q

Reactions to radiotherapy - early + late

A
Early: 
Fatigue
Ulcers
Diarrhoea
N+V
BM suppression
Cystitis

Late:
Lymphedema
Brachial plexopathy
infertility

23
Q

AFP is raised in…?

A

HCC

teratoma