Oncological

Question 1

Meigs Syndrome

Answer 1

is the triad of ascites, pleural effusion (frequently right) and benign ovarian tumour (fibroma, Brenner tumour and occasionally granulosa cell tumour). It resolves after the resection of the tumour.

It is atypical if there is not ascites and/or occurs with others kind of pelvic tumours.

Cause: unknown.

Question 2

MEN (multiples endocrine neoplasias) Syndrome
1: Wermer
2A: Sipple.
2B

Answer 2

Autosomal dominant inherited syndromes (RET gene in MEN 2) with a predisposition to endocrine neoplasias.

MEN1: 3P`s

• Pituitary (prolactinoma)
• Parathyroid tumors.
• Pancreatic (islet tumour).

MEN2: Parafollicular cell tumour (medullary thyroid tumour) and pheochromocytoma.
2A: Parathyroid hyperplasia.
2B: Mucosal neuromas (ganglioneuromatosis) + marfanoid habitus.

Question 3

Zollinger-Ellison syndrome

Answer 3

Is a gastrin-secreting tumour of the endocrine pancreas or pancreatic ectopic tissue almost always in the duodenum.

It produces a hyper gastrin levels state with acid hypersecretion that causes recurrent peptic ulcers frequently distal (even in the jejunum).

Causes: associated with MEN 1 syndrome.

Question 4

Carcinoid syndrome

Answer 4

Serotonin hypersecreting state because of carcinoid tumour (or carcinoid metastasis) upper the liver.

• Diarrhea.
• Flushing.
• Wheezing.
• Right-valvular disease: murmur.
• Pellagra (“niacini”)
• ↑ 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid.