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Ddx Final > Oncologic Disease > Flashcards

Oncologic Disease Flashcards

1
Q

5 most common sites for Metastasize

A

Lung, Lymph Nodes, Liver, Bone, Brain

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2
Q

4 subcategories of malignancy- specific aspect

A

Carcinoma- Skin & visceral/Exoderm
Sarcoma- CT/mesoderm
Lymphoma- lymphoid cells
Leukemia- blood/bone marrow

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3
Q

Epidemiology of CA

A

2nd leading cause of death in US
Lung/bronchus- ♂ & ♀
Colon/rectum- ♂ & ♀
Prostate-♂; Breast-♀

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4
Q

Screening RISK factors for CA include

A

age >50
previous hx (can metastasize 15-20 ys later)
Gender
♀-unknown cause for shld/chest pain; abnormal menses
♂-sciatica

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5
Q

General c/o in hx

A
  • unexplained wt gain/loss
  • constant pain
  • pain worse @ night
  • proximal mm/tendon wk
  • failure to progress/improve esp back pain
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6
Q

C.A.U.T.I.O.N

A 
Changes in Bowl/Bladder
A sore that doesn't heal w/ 6 wk
Unusual bleeding/discharge
Thickening/lump 
Indigestion/ dysphagia
Obvious change in wart/mole
Nagging hoarseness/cough
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7
Q

5 Clinical manifestations of Malignancy

A

1) early warning signs (CAUTION; change in vital signs, prox mm wk, hypo/hyperreflexia)
2) Skeletal- deep/bone pain; hypercalcemia⟶hypertension, wk, headache, N&V
3) Neurologic- nerve/cord compression; brain tumor; paraneoplastic syndromes/remote effects
4) Pulmonary- Dyspnea
5) Hepatic- Bilat CTS, abd pain, ascites

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8
Q

What are “Remote Effects”; give examples

A

tumpr producing S&S at a distance from the site; wt loss, fever, anorexia, progressive mm wk

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9
Q

5 Biologic mechanism of CA pain

A

1) bone destruction
2) skin distention
3) visceral obstruction
4) nerve compression
5) tissue inflammation/infection/necrosis

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10
Q

S&S associated w/ Mild-moderate-superficial pain

A

(sympathetic- acute type pain)

-hypertension, tachycardia, tachypnea

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11
Q

S&S associated w/ Severe/visceral pain

A

(parasympathetic)

-hypotension, bradicardia, N&V

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12
Q

Cardinal Symptoms post CA Tx

A

N&V, headaches, fatigue, dyspnea

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13
Q

Contraindications to exercice post CA Tx
WBC, Platelet, Hgb, Absolute granulocytes
??PT??

A

WBC <2.5x (12-15 sec)

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14
Q

16 specific CA

A
  1. Skin
  2. Breast
  3. Endometrial/Uterine
  4. Ovarian
  5. Cervical
  6. Leukemia
  7. Multiple myeloma
  8. Hodgkin’s disease
  9. non-hodgkin’s Lymphoma
  10. AIDS-non-hodgkin’s Lymphoma
  11. soft tissue (mm)
  12. bone
  13. chondrosarcoma
  14. brain tumors
  15. SC tumors
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15
Q

3 types of Skin CA

A

Basal cell carcinoma
Squamous cell carcinoma
Malignant melanoma

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16
Q

S&S of Breast CA; Risk factors

A
  • lump esp an axillary mass, shoulder/arm pain

- Gender, age, race, fam/previous hx, ↑estrogen, abortion

17
Q

S&S of Endometrial CA; Risk factor

A
  • Pelvic pain

- 75% post menopausal

18
Q

40-70y/o, nulliparous, hx CA, pelvic pain, GI problem

A

Risk factor for Ovarian CA

19
Q

Risk factor for Cervical CA

A

30-40 (preinvasive)
>40 (invasive)
hx sexual activity
no early symptoms

20
Q

children/young adults, bleeding (petechaie, epistaxis), fatigue, infection, hemarthrosis

A

S&S of Leukemia

21
Q

♂, AA, 50-70y/o, Insidious, bone type pain, CTS, fatigue, recurrent infections (esp ribs & spine)

A

S&S of Multiple myeloma

22
Q

adolescent/older, ♂, painless enlarged lymph nodes, wt loss, fevers, night sweats, pruritus

A

Hodgkins disease or Non Hodgkins Lymphoma- Difference between is the age (NHL is middle aged)

23
Q

One distinctive difference btw non & hodgkins is:

A
  • infection w/ Epstein-Barr virus~MONO?

- Leads to hodgkins up to 40%

24
Q

S&S of AIDS-non-hodgkin’s lymphoma

A

♂, early 40’s, AIDS

25
Q

Which Specific CA is rare; in extremities; in early adolescence/middle aged

A

Soft tissue tumors

26
Q

Which Specific CA is rare; bone pain described as “boring”; most common CHILDHOOD sarcoma of the bone

A

Osteosarcoma

Ewings Sarcoma

27
Q

Located usually where epiphyses/active growth occurs due to osteoblasts being the ones affected

A

Osteosarcoma

28
Q

Which CA: young, ♂, growth spurt, loss of motion, pain may be intermittent, swelling

A

Ewings Sarcoma

29
Q

Which CA are typically found in the young

A

Leukemia, Hodgkin’s disease, Soft tissue tumors, Osteosarcoma, Ewing’s sarcoma

30
Q

Which CA: older >40, back pain, sciatica, more common in axial

A

Chondrosarcoma

31
Q

Which CA: headache, seizures, CNS changes, 1〫 malignant, metastic

A

Brain tumors

32
Q

Which CA: Back pain is worse w/ lying down, wt bearing, ↑thoracic pressures; Rest pain, altered sensation, cauda equine signs

A

Spinal Cord Tumors

33
Q

Which CA are typical for older people

A

Skin CA, breast CA, Endometrial CA, Ovarian, Cervical CA, Multiple Myeloma, Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma, AIDS-Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma, Chondrosarcoma

Ddx Final (3 decks)

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