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Anatomy Step1 Buzzwords > Oncogenes and tumor suppressor pairs > Flashcards

Oncogenes and tumor suppressor pairs Flashcards

1
Q

PDGF (PDGFB) function

A

Growth factor. secreted by activated platlets and macrophages. Induces vascular remodeling, smooth muscle cell prolif. Stimulates fibroblast growth for collagen synthesis

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2
Q

Mutation in PDGF

A

Astrocytoma

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3
Q

FGF function

A

Stimulate angiogenesis

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4
Q

EGF function

A

stimulates cell growth via tyrosine kinases (EGFR/ErbB1)

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5
Q

TGFBeta function

A

Angiogenesis, fibrosis

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6
Q

Metalloproteinases function

A

tissue remodeling

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7
Q

VEGF function

A

stimulate angiogenesis

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8
Q

ALK disease

A

oncogene receptor tyrosine kinase, lung adenocarcinoma

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9
Q

BCR-ABL disease

A

oncogene tyrosine kinase, CML (9;22), ALL

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10
Q

BCL-2 disease

A

oncogene antiapoptoic molecule (inhibits apoptosis, gets too stable follic and diffuse large bell lymphoma

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11
Q

BRAF disease

A

oncogene serine/threnonine kinase: melanoma, non hodgkin lymphoma, papillary thyroid carcinoma

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12
Q

C-Kit disease

A

oncogene cytokine receptor, GI stromal tumor

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13
Q

c-MYC disease

A

oncogene trnascription factor, nuclear regulator, burkitt lymphoma t(8:14)

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14
Q

HER2/neu (cerbb2) disease

A

oncogene receptor tyrosine kinase breast and gastric carcinomas

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15
Q

Trastuzumab

A

tx for HER2neu cancers

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16
Q

JAK2 disease

A

oncogene tyrosine kinase; CML

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17
Q

KRAS disease

A

oncogene GTPase; colon cancer, lung cancer, pancreatic cancer

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18
Q

MYCL1 disease

A

oncogene transcription factor, lung tumor

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19
Q

MYCN disease

A

oncogene trnascirption factor, neuroblastoma

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20
Q

RET disease

A

oncogene receptor tyrosine kinase (growth factor receptor), neural growth factor, MEN2A, MEN2B, medullary thyroid cancer

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21
Q

TSC1/TSC2 disease

A

tumor suppressor TSC1: hamartin protein, TSC2: tuberin protein, Tuberous sclerosis

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22
Q

VHL func and disease

A

tumor suppressor inhibits hypoxia inducible fator 1a von hippel lindau disease

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23
Q

WT1 disease

A

tumor suppressor Wilms tumor (nephroblastoma) transcription factor regulating urogenital development

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24
Q

NF1 diseasse

A

Neurofibromin (Ras GTPase activating protein) tumor suppressor NF1

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25
Q

NF2 disesase

A

tumor suppressor Merlin (Schwannomin protein) NF2

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26
Q

DCC

A

tumor suppressor Deleted In Colon Cancer (DCC) Colon Cancer

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27
Q

DPC4/SMAD4

A

tumor suppressor Deleted in Pancreatic Cancer (DPC) Pancreatic cancer

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28
Q

APC

A

tumor suppressor negative regulator of beta catenin, WNT pathway Colorectal cancer (FAP assoc)

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29
Q

p53

A

Tumor suppressor, regulate cell cycle growth between G1 and S (upregulates BAX; disrupts Bcl2->cytochrome c leakage and destruciton) Start with 1 mutation in Li-Fraumeni syndrome present in over 50% of cancers

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30
Q

Rb

A

tumor suppressor, regulate G1 to S; holds E2F transcription factor, needed to progress to S phase E2F is released when RB is phosphorylated by clini D/CDK4 complex Mutation? free E2F and progression Sporadic: unilateral retionblastoma Rb disease? Retinoblastoma, osteosarcoma, often bilateral

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31
Q

CCND1 (cyclin D1)

A

cyclin, important in phoshporylating Rb to release E2F, Mantle Cell lymphoma t(11;14) oncogene

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32
Q

CDK4

A

oncogene cyclin dependent kinase, important in phoshporylating Rb to release EBF Melanoma

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33
Q

Liver fluke, clonorchis sinensis

A

Cholangiocarcoma

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34
Q

Schistoma Haematobium

A

bladder cancer (Squamous)

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35
Q

Psamomma bofdies

A

papillary carcinoma thyroid, serous papillary ovarian, meningioma, malignant mesothelioma

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36
Q

alk phos tumor marker

A

metastes to obne or liver, paget disease of obne, seminoma

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37
Q

AFP tumor marker

A

HCC< hepatoblastoma, yolk sac tumor, mixed germ cell tumor (dont forget in preg high is neural tube defect or abd wall, low is down syndrome)

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38
Q

Beta hcgtumor

A

hydratiform moles, choriocarcinomas, testicular cancer, mixed germ cell tumor

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39
Q

CA 15-3 CA27/29 tumor

A

Breast Cancer

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40
Q

CA19-9 tumor

A

pancreatic cancer

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41
Q

CA125 tumor

A

ovarian cancer

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42
Q

Calcitonin tumor

A

medullary thyroid carcinoma (including men2a and men2b)

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43
Q

CEA tumor

A

major assoc with colorectal and pancreatic, minor with gastric, breast, medullary

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44
Q

chromogranin tumor

A

neuroendocrine

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45
Q

PSA tumor

A

prostate cance,r but can be raised in BPH and prostatitis

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46
Q

GFAP stain

A

neuroglia

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47
Q

Neurofilament stain

A

neurons

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48
Q

keratin stain

A

epithelium

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49
Q

vimetin stain

A

mesenchyme

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50
Q

desmin stain

A

muscle

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51
Q

ER stain

A

breast epithelium

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52
Q

thyroglobulin stain

A

thyroid follic cells

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53
Q

chromogranin stain

A

neuroendocrine cells (eg small cell lung, carcinooid tumor)

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54
Q

S-100 stain

A

melanoma, schwannoma, langerhans cell histocytosis

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55
Q

P-glycoprotein function

A

MDR1 (multidrug reisstant protein 1), pumps out toxins like chemotherapeutic agents, bad news

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56
Q

What mediates cachexia

A

TNFalpha, IFNgamma, IL1, IL6

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57
Q

hematogenous cancers

A

Four Carcinomas Route Hematogenous Follic Thyroid,Chorio carcinoma, renal cell, hepatocell

58
Q

Blastic (sclerotic) mets, lytic mets, mixed mets

A

lytic: lung, multiple melanoma (technically a primary), thyroid, kidney (again mets more common) mixed: breast blast: prostate

59
Q

VEGF monoclonal antibody, use, side effects

A

Bevacizumab Solid tumors (colorectal, renal) Hemorrhag,e blood clots, impaired wound healing

60
Q

EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitior uses, side effects

A

Erlotinib Non-small cell lung cancer rash

61
Q

EGFR monoclonal antibody uses, side effects

A

Cetuximab Stage IV colorectal (KRAS), head and neck cancer Rash, LFTs, diarrhea

62
Q

Tyrosine kianse inhibitor of BCR-ABL, c-kit, uses, side effects

A

Imatinib CML (bcr-abl, 9;22), GI stromal (c-kit) Fluid retention

63
Q

monoclonal antibody CP20, uses, side effects

A

Rituximab Nonhodgkin lymphoma, CLL, ITP, RA risk of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (JC virus?)

64
Q

Proteasome inhibitors ,arrest at G2-M phase and apoptosis, uses, side effects

A

Bortezomib, carfilzomib multiple myeloma, mantle cell lymphoma periph neuropathy, VZV reactivaiton

65
Q

SERMs uses, side effects

A

tamoxifene, raloxifene breast cancer tx (Tamoxifen only) osteoperosis (ramoxifene only) breast cancer prevention ( I reckon both) increased irsk of endometrial cancer with tamoxifen, not the case for raloxifen (antagonist at both) increased risk of thromboletic events iwth both

66
Q

Her2 monoclonal antibody (Tyrosine kinase receptor)

A

Trastuzumab (herceptin) her2+ breast cancer, gastric cancer Cardiotoxicity

67
Q

BRAF oncogene inhibitior

A

Vemurafenib metastatic melanoma

68
Q

What is tumor lysis syndrome

A

oncologic emergency due to massive tumor cell lysis (usually lymphoma/leukemia) release K+, PO4-> hyperkalemia, hyperphosphatemia get hypocalcemia from the hyperphosphatemia Nucleic acid breakdown give you hyperurecemia-> kidney injury tx with hydration, allopurinol, rasburicase (basically breaks down uric acid)

69
Q

Recombinant uricase that catalyzes metabolism of uric acid to allantoin

A

Rasburicase, prevnetion and tx of tumor lysis syndrome

70
Q

monoclonal antibody against RANKL use, name

A

Denosumab; osteoperosis

71
Q

Growth factor. secreted by activated platlets and macrophages. Induces vascular remodeling, smooth muscle cell prolif. Stimulates fibroblast growth for collagen synthesis

A

PDGF (PDGFB) function

72
Q

Astrocytoma

A

Mutation in PDGF

73
Q

Stimulate angiogenesis

A

FGF function

74
Q

stimulates cell growth via tyrosine kinases (EGFR/ErbB1)

A

EGF function

75
Q

Angiogenesis, fibrosis

A

TGFBeta function

76
Q

tissue remodeling

A

Metalloproteinases function

77
Q

stimulate angiogenesis

A

VEGF function

78
Q

oncogene receptor tyrosine kinase, lung adenocarcinoma

A

ALK disease

79
Q

oncogene tyrosine kinase, CML (9;22), ALL

A

BCR-ABL disease

80
Q

oncogene antiapoptoic molecule (inhibits apoptosis, gets too stable follic and diffuse large bell lymphoma

A

BCL-2 disease

81
Q

oncogene serine/threnonine kinase: melanoma, non hodgkin lymphoma, papillary thyroid carcinoma

A

BRAF disease

82
Q

oncogene cytokine receptor, GI stromal tumor

A

C-Kit disease

83
Q

oncogene trnascription factor, nuclear regulator, burkitt lymphoma t(8:14)

A

c-MYC disease

84
Q

oncogene receptor tyrosine kinase breast and gastric carcinomas

A

HER2/neu (cerbb2) disease

85
Q

tx for HER2neu cancers

A

Trastuzumab

86
Q

oncogene tyrosine kinase; CML

A

JAK2 disease

87
Q

oncogene GTPase; colon cancer, lung cancer, pancreatic cancer

A

KRAS disease

88
Q

oncogene transcription factor, lung tumor

A

MYCL1 disease

89
Q

oncogene trnascirption factor, neuroblastoma

A

MYCN disease

90
Q

oncogene receptor tyrosine kinase (growth factor receptor), neural growth factor, MEN2A, MEN2B, medullary thyroid cancer

A

RET disease

91
Q

tumor suppressor TSC1: hamartin protein, TSC2: tuberin protein, Tuberous sclerosis

A

TSC1/TSC2 disease

92
Q

tumor suppressor inhibits hypoxia inducible fator 1a von hippel lindau disease

A

VHL func and disease

93
Q

tumor suppressor Wilms tumor (nephroblastoma) transcription factor regulating urogenital development

A

WT1 disease

94
Q

Neurofibromin (Ras GTPase activating protein) tumor suppressor NF1

A

NF1 diseasse

95
Q

tumor suppressor Merlin (Schwannomin protein) NF2

A

NF2 disesase

96
Q

tumor suppressor Deleted In Colon Cancer (DCC) Colon Cancer

A

DCC

97
Q

tumor suppressor Deleted in Pancreatic Cancer (DPC) Pancreatic cancer

A

DPC4/SMAD4

98
Q

tumor suppressor negative regulator of beta catenin, WNT pathway Colorectal cancer (FAP assoc)

A

APC

99
Q

Tumor suppressor, regulate cell cycle growth between G1 and S (upregulates BAX; disrupts Bcl2->cytochrome c leakage and destruciton) Start with 1 mutation in Li-Fraumeni syndrome present in over 50% of cancers

A

p53

100
Q

tumor suppressor, regulate G1 to S; holds E2F transcription factor, needed to progress to S phase E2F is released when RB is phosphorylated by clini D/CDK4 complex Mutation? free E2F and progression Sporadic: unilateral retionblastoma Rb disease? Retinoblastoma, osteosarcoma, often bilateral

A

Rb

101
Q

cyclin, important in phoshporylating Rb to release E2F, Mantle Cell lymphoma t(11;14) oncogene

A

CCND1 (cyclin D1)

102
Q

oncogene cyclin dependent kinase, important in phoshporylating Rb to release EBF Melanoma

A

CDK4

103
Q

Cholangiocarcoma

A

Liver fluke, clonorchis sinensis

104
Q

bladder cancer (Squamous)

A

Schistoma Haematobium

105
Q

papillary carcinoma thyroid, serous papillary ovarian, meningioma, malignant mesothelioma

A

Psamomma bofdies

106
Q

metastes to obne or liver, paget disease of obne, seminoma

A

alk phos tumor marker

107
Q

HCC< hepatoblastoma, yolk sac tumor, mixed germ cell tumor (dont forget in preg high is neural tube defect or abd wall, low is down syndrome)

A

AFP tumor marker

108
Q

hydratiform moles, choriocarcinomas, testicular cancer, mixed germ cell tumor

A

Beta hcgtumor

109
Q

Breast Cancer

A

CA 15-3 CA27/29 tumor

110
Q

pancreatic cancer

A

CA19-9 tumor

111
Q

ovarian cancer

A

CA125 tumor

112
Q

medullary thyroid carcinoma (including men2a and men2b)

A

Calcitonin tumor

113
Q

major assoc with colorectal and pancreatic, minor with gastric, breast, medullary

A

CEA tumor

114
Q

neuroendocrine

A

chromogranin tumor

115
Q

prostate cance,r but can be raised in BPH and prostatitis

A

PSA tumor

116
Q

neuroglia

A

GFAP stain

117
Q

neurons

A

Neurofilament stain

118
Q

epithelium

A

keratin stain

119
Q

mesenchyme

A

vimetin stain

120
Q

muscle

A

desmin stain

121
Q

breast epithelium

A

ER stain

122
Q

thyroid follic cells

A

thyroglobulin stain

123
Q

neuroendocrine cells (eg small cell lung, carcinooid tumor)

A

chromogranin stain

124
Q

melanoma, schwannoma, langerhans cell histocytosis

A

S-100 stain

125
Q

MDR1 (multidrug reisstant protein 1), pumps out toxins like chemotherapeutic agents, bad news

A

P-glycoprotein function

126
Q

TNFalpha, IFNgamma, IL1, IL6

A

What mediates cachexia

127
Q

Four Carcinomas Route Hematogenous Follic Thyroid,Chorio carcinoma, renal cell, hepatocell

A

hematogenous cancers

128
Q

lytic: lung, multiple melanoma (technically a primary), thyroid, kidney (again mets more common) mixed: breast blast: prostate

A

Blastic (sclerotic) mets, lytic mets, mixed mets

129
Q

Bevacizumab Solid tumors (colorectal, renal) Hemorrhag,e blood clots, impaired wound healing

A

VEGF monoclonal antibody, use, side effects

130
Q

Erlotinib Non-small cell lung cancer rash

A

EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitior uses, side effects

131
Q

Cetuximab Stage IV colorectal (KRAS), head and neck cancer Rash, LFTs, diarrhea

A

EGFR monoclonal antibody uses, side effects

132
Q

Imatinib CML (bcr-abl, 9;22), GI stromal (c-kit) Fluid retention

A

Tyrosine kianse inhibitor of BCR-ABL, c-kit, uses, side effects

133
Q

Rituximab Nonhodgkin lymphoma, CLL, ITP, RA risk of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (JC virus?)

A

monoclonal antibody CP20, uses, side effects

134
Q

Bortezomib, carfilzomib multiple myeloma, mantle cell lymphoma periph neuropathy, VZV reactivaiton

A

Proteasome inhibitors ,arrest at G2-M phase and apoptosis, uses, side effects

135
Q

tamoxifene, raloxifene breast cancer tx (Tamoxifen only) osteoperosis (ramoxifene only) breast cancer prevention ( I reckon both) increased irsk of endometrial cancer with tamoxifen, not the case for raloxifen (antagonist at both) increased risk of thromboletic events iwth both

A

SERMs uses, side effects

136
Q

Trastuzumab (herceptin) her2+ breast cancer, gastric cancer Cardiotoxicity

A

Her2 monoclonal antibody (Tyrosine kinase receptor)

137
Q

Vemurafenib metastatic melanoma

A

BRAF oncogene inhibitior

138
Q

oncologic emergency due to massive tumor cell lysis (usually lymphoma/leukemia) release K+, PO4-> hyperkalemia, hyperphosphatemia get hypocalcemia from the hyperphosphatemia Nucleic acid breakdown give you hyperurecemia-> kidney injury tx with hydration, allopurinol, rasburicase (basically breaks down uric acid)

A

What is tumor lysis syndrome

139
Q

Rasburicase, prevnetion and tx of tumor lysis syndrome

A

Recombinant uricase that catalyzes metabolism of uric acid to allantoin

140
Q

Denosumab; osteoperosis

A

monoclonal antibody against RANKL use, name

Anatomy Step1 Buzzwords (11 decks)

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