Oncogenes and Associated Tumors

Question 1

PDGFB

Answer 1

Platelet-derived growth factor

Overexpression/autocrine loop –> astrocytoma (astrocyte = type of glial cell)

Question 2

ERBB2 (HER2/neu)

Answer 2

Epidermal growth factor receptor

Amplification –> subset of breast carcinomas

Question 3

RET

Answer 3

Neural growth factor receptor

Point mutation –> MEN2A, MEN2B, sporadic medullary carcinoma of thyroid

Question 4

KIT

Answer 4

Stem cell growth factor receptor

Point mutation –> gastrointestinal stromal tumor

Question 5

RAS gene family

Answer 5

GTP-binding protein

Point mutation –> carcinomas, lymphomas, melanomas

Question 6

ABL

Answer 6

Tyrosine kinase

t(9;22) with BCR (“Philadelphia chromosome”) –> TK overactivation –> CML and some types of ALL

Question 7

c-MYC

Answer 7

Transcription factor

t(8;14) involving IgH (heavy chain) –> overexpression of MYC with translocation –> Burkitt lymphoma (classic “starry sky” histological finding)

Question 8

N-MYC

Answer 8

Transcription factor

Amplification -> neuroblastoma

Question 9

L-MYC

Answer 9

Transcription factor

Amplification –> (small cell) Lung carcinoma

Question 10

CCND1 (cyclin D1)

Answer 10

Cyclin that controls progression of G1 –> replicative S phase

t(11;14) involving IgH –> mantle cell lymphoma (B-cell)

Question 11

CDK4

Answer 11

Cyclin-dependent kinase

Amplification –> melanoma