Oncogenes

Question 1

PDGF-Beta Chain (PDGFB)

Answer 1

Mode of activation in tumor: Overexpression

Associated human tumor: Astrocytoma

Question 2

Fibroblast growth factor (FGF)

HST1

Answer 2

Mode of activation in tumor: Over expression

Associated human tumor: Osteosarcoma

Question 3

Fibroblast growth factor (FGF)

FGF3

Answer 3

Mode of activation in tumor: Amplification

Associated human tumor: Stomach, bladder, breast cancer, melanoma

Question 4

TGF-alpha

Answer 4

Mode of activation in tumor: Overexpression

Associated human tumor: Astrocytomas

Question 5

HGF

Answer 5

Mode of activation in tumor: Overexpression

Associated human tumor: Hepatocellular carcinomas, thyroid cancer

Question 6

EGF-Receptor Family

ERBB1 (EGFR)

Answer 6

Mode of activation in tumor: Mutation

Associated human tumor: Adenocarcinoma of lung

Question 7

EGF-Receptor Family

ERBB2 (HER)

Answer 7

Mode of activation in tumor: Amplification

Associated human tumor: Breast carcinoma

Question 8

FMS-like tyrosine kinase 3

FL T3

Answer 8

Mode of activation in tumor: Point mutation

Associated human tumor: Leukemia

Question 9

Receptor for neutrophic factors

RET

Answer 9

Mode of activation in tumor: Point mutation

Associated human tumor: Multiple endocrine neoplasia 2A and B, Familial medullary thyroid carcinomas

Question 10

PDGF Receptor

PDGFRB

Answer 10

Mode of activation in tumor: Overexpression, translocation

Associated human tumor: Gliomas, leukemias

Question 11

Receptor for KIT ligand

KIT

Answer 11

Mode of activation in tumor: Point mutation

Associated human tumor: GI stromal tumors, seminomas, leukemias

Question 12

ALK Receptor

ALK

Answer 12

1. Mode of activation in tumor: Translocation, fusion gene formation

Associated human tumor: Adenocarcinoma

2. Mode of activation in tumor: Point mutation

Associated human tumor: Neuroblastoma

Question 13

GTP-binding (G) proteins

Answer 13

Mode of activation in tumor: All point mutations

Associated human tumor:

KRAS –> Colon, lung, and pancreatic tumors
HRAS –> Bladder and kidney tumors
NRAS –> Melanomas, hematologic malignancies
GNAQ –> Uveal melanoma
GNAS –> Pituitary adenoma, other endocrine tumors

Question 14

Nonreceptor tyrosine kinase

ABL

Answer 14

1. Mode of activation in tumor: Transcolation, fusion gene formation

Associated human tumor: Adenocarcinoma of lung, certain lymphomas

2. Mode of activation in tumor: Point mutation

Associated human tumor: Acute lymphoblastic leukemia

Question 15

RAS signal transduction

BRAF

Answer 15

Mode of activation in tumor: Point mutation, translocation

Associated human tumor: Melanomas, leukemias, colon carcinoma, others

Question 16

Notch signaling transduction

NOTCH1

Answer 16

Mode of activation in tumor: Point mutation, translocation, gene rearrangement

Associated human tumor: Leukemias, lymphomas, breast carcinoma

Question 17

JAK/STAT signal transduction

JAK2

Answer 17

Mode of activation in tumor: Translocation

Associated human tumor: Myeloproliferative disorders

Question 18

Transcriptional activators

MYC

Answer 18

Mode of activation in tumor: Translocation

Associated human tumor: Burkitt lymphoma

Question 19

Transcriptional activators

NMYC

Answer 19

Mode of activation in tumor: Amplification

Associated human tumor: Neuroblastoma

Question 20

Cell cycle regulator

CCD1 (Cyclin D1)

Answer 20

1. Mode of activation in tumor: Translocation

Associated human tumor: Mantle cell lymphoma, multiple myeloma

2. Mode of activation in tumor: Amplification

Associated human tumor: Breast and esophageal cancers

Question 21

Cyclin-dependent kinase

CDK4

Answer 21

Mode of activation in tumor: Amplification or point mutation

Associated human tumor: Glioblastoma, melanoma, sarcoma