onc

Question 1

labs and symptoms of Multiple Myeloma

Answer 1

anemia, thrombocytopenia, hypercalcemia, renal insufficiency, hyperproteinemia (due to hypergammaglobulinemia), low albumin (due to renal insufficiency)

Question 2

test used to confirm multiple myeloma

Answer 2

1st serum protein electrophoresis, then bone marrow biopsy

Question 3

craniopharyngioma

Answer 3

brain tumor derived from pituitary gland embryonic tissue,occurs most in children but also in men and women in their 50s and 60s.
Patients may present with bitemporal inferior quadrantanopia leading to bitemporal hemianopia, as the tumor may compress the optic chiasm.

aka rathke pouch tumor

Question 4

medulloblastoma

Answer 4

childhood brain tumor

arise in the vicinity of the 4th ventricle

homer wright psuedorossette

stumbling gait, diplopia, papilledema, 6th cranial nerve palsy, nystagmus, vomiting, morning headache

Question 5

leiomyosarcoma

Answer 5

malignant smooth muscle tumor.

a benign smooth muscle tumor is a leiomyoma.

Question 6

squamous cell carcinoma

Answer 6

cancer of epithelial cell/squamous cell. These cells are the main part of the epidermis of the skin. Squamous cells also occur in the lining of the digestive tract, lungs, lips, mouth, esophagus, urinary bladder, prostate, lung, vagina, and cervix, among others.

tonofilaments, desmosomes, or keratin may be present.

Question 7

describe hodgkins disease

Answer 7

~neoplastic transformation of lymphocytes particularly in the lymph nodes.
~Reed Sternberg cells
~CD15 and CD30
~Enlarged painless, rubbery, nonerythematous, nontender
~Extralymphatic involvement is more common in non hodgkin but may be seen in hodgkins.
~spleen, skin, gastric, lung, CNS, any other organ

Question 8

first step in diagnosing hodgkin disease is…

Answer 8

excisional lymph node biopsy. The stage will determine the nature of therapy.

Question 9

what is a Klatskin tumor

Answer 9

cholangiocarcinoma at the junction of the right and left hepatic biliary ducts. There is an association with recurrent pyogenic cholangitis (RPC)

Question 10

pappillary thyroid cancer

Answer 10

least dangerous

Question 11

anaplastic

Answer 11

most dangerous

Question 12

poor prognostic factors for breast cancer include

Answer 12

~large tumor size
~carcinoma with axillary lymph node involvement
~higher grade carcinoma
~ER/PR neg (cant use tamoxifen
~overexpression of HER2/neu

Question 13

HER2/neu

what can HER2/neu positive breast cancers be treated with?

Answer 13

breast cancer oncogene
it is another name for erb2gene

Herceptin/trastuzumab (monoclonal ab)

Question 14

chronic cystic mastitis aka

Answer 14

fibrocystic change in the breast

lumpy breast proceeding menstrual cycle in young women

Question 15

intraductal papilloma

Answer 15

tiny benign intraductal tumors

most common cause of bloody nipple discharge

Question 16

mammary duct ectasia

Answer 16

benign process due to subacute inflammation

presents with nipple discharge (sticky and of various colors), noncyclic breast pain, nipple retraction

Question 17

dysfunctional uterine bleeding is caused by…

Answer 17

hormonal imbalance of excess estrogen that causes growth of the endometrium that lacks support

nonpainful bleeding

Question 18

ocpS provide decreased risk to which cancers?

Answer 18

endometrial

ovarian

Question 19

biopsy must be done before LEEP procedure

Answer 19

.

Question 20

how do you treat a pregnant woman with PID

Answer 20

1. hospitalize her.

2. IV clindamycin and gentamycin