"On the Exam" Per Professor Whitton Flashcards

Question

Glomerulonephritis

Answer 1

- immunological disorder - 3rd leading cause of renal failure - multiple types and classifications "something happens and then you get it..."

Answer 2

The patient must lie on his or her back for 8 to 24 hours. Some nephrologists advocate a 24-hour recovery in the hospital, where the patient can be observed for complications. The kidney contains many blood vessels and bleeds as a result of the biopsy. Bright red (arterial) blood in the urine (hematuria) may be seen for the first 24 hours. If blood is seen in the urine after 24 hours, further care may be required to stop the bleeding. Many people experience muscle aches and general soreness during recovery.

Answer 3

- Guaranteeing adequate renal perfusion and intravascular volume is important for prevention and therapy of AKI - Maintenance of volume homeostasis and correction of biochemical abnormalities remain the primary goals of tx and may include - correction of fluid overload with furosemide - correct acidosis with bicarb - correct hyperkalemia - correct hematologic abnormalities (anemia, etc..)

Answer 4

Inflammation of the membrane lining the abdominal wall and covering the abdominal organs. -Contraindicated for PD

Answer 5

- fever - cloudy outflow - rebound abdominal tenderness - abdominal pain - malaise - N/V

Answer 6

- Antibiotics can be added to dialysate solution to prevent peritonitis - Admin antibiotics post infection - obtain sample of outflow for C and S

Answer 7

- Antibiotics can be added to dialysate solution to prevent peritonitis - **maintain meticulous sterile technique - prevent catheter insertion site from becoming wet - follow institutional policy for connecting and disconnecting PD solution bags

Answer 8

- glaucoma (elevated pressure in eyes) - fluid retention, which causes swelling in lower legs - HTN - mood swings - weight gain (fat deposits in the abdomen, face, and the back of the neck)

Answer 9

- cataracts - hyperglycemia - increased risk of infections - osteoporosis - increased risk of fractures - suppression of adrenal gland hormone production - bruising, thin skin - delayed wound healing - growth suppression in children

Answer 10

- oral thrush - hoarseness * can be easily avoided by rinsing and gurgling with water following medication administered

Answer 11

1. firmly insert a charged MDI canister into the mouthpiece unit or spacer 2. Remove mouthpiece cap. Shake canister vigorously for 3-5 seconds 3. exhale slowly and completely 4. holding the canister upside down, place the mouthpiece in the mouth, closing lips around it if a space is being used. When no spacer is being used, hold the mouthpiece directly in front of mouth 5. press and hold canister down while inhaling deeply and slowly for 3-5 seconds 6. hold breath for 10 seconds, release pressure on the container, remove from mouth and exhale. Wait20-30 seconds before repeating the procedure for a second puff 7. rinse mouth after using the inhaler to minimize systemic absorption and drying the mucous membrane 8. Rinse the inhaler mouthpiece and spacer after use, store in clean location

Answer 12

block the late response to inhaled allergens and reduce edema and bronchial hyperresponsiveness. -preferred route is MDI or DPI to minimize systemic absorption and reduce the many ADRs of prolonged steroid use.

Answer 13

SABAs - albuterol - bitolterol - pributerol - terbutaline admin MDI/DPI 4-6 hr duration

Answer 14

- SABAs - Anticholinergics - Methyxanthines

Answer 15

-up to 3 tx at 20 min intervals OR a single nebulizer tx

Answer 16

use of a SABA >2 days/week which indicates inadequate control

Answer 17

inhaled SABA