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Drugs > On board drugs > Flashcards

On board drugs Flashcards

1
Q

What class is Furosemide:

A

Loop diuretic

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2
Q

Another name for Furosemide:

A

Lasix

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3
Q

What route is Furosemide given:

A

IV

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4
Q

What is the dose for Furosemide:

A

Adult: .5-1 mg/kg over 1-2 min if no response, double the dose to 2 mg/kg slowly over 1-2 min

Pedi: 1 mg/kg/dose (max total dose: 6 mg/kg)

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5
Q

What is the drug action for Furosemide:

A

A potent diuretic that inhibits sodium and chloride reabsorption at the proximal and distal tubules and the ascending loop of henle; decreases osmotic gradient

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6
Q

What are the indications for Furosemide:

A

Acute pulmonary edema

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7
Q

What are the precautions for Furosemide:

A

Monitor B/P and ECG closely, document urine output, give after Nitro if it was given

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8
Q

What are the side effects of Furosemide:

A

Hypotension, electrolyte imbalance (hypochloremia, hypokalemia, hyponatremia, hypocalcaemia, hyperglycemia), dry mouth, and ototoxicity

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9
Q

What are the contraindicatoins for Furosemide:

A

Anuria, hypersensitivity, hypovolemia/dehydration, severe electrolyte depletion (hypokalemia)

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10
Q

What is another name for Vasopressin:

A

Pitressen

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11
Q

What class is Vasopressin:

A

Naturally occuring antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

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12
Q

What is the dose for Vasopressin:

A

Adult: CPR, 40 U only one time; this replaces the 1st or 2nd dose of Epi

Pedi: Currently not recommended

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13
Q

What is the drug action of Vasopressin:

A

Potent peripheral vasoconstrictor

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14
Q

What are the indications for Vasopressin:

A

Alternate pressor for Epi for patients in cardiac arrest, low resistance shock

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15
Q

What are the precautions for Vasopressin:

A

In responsive Pt, watch for the development of cardiac ischemia and angina

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16
Q

What are the side effects for Vasopressin:

A

Chest pain, abdominal distress (stimulates contraction of the smooth muscle of the digestive tract), bronchoconstriction

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17
Q

What are the contraindications for Vasopressin:

A

Responsive patients with coronary artery disease

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18
Q

What is another name for Amiodarone:

A

Cordarone, Palerone, Nextrerone

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19
Q

What drug class is Amiodarone:

A

Therapeutic class: Antiarrhythmic

Pharmacologiv class: Benzofuran Dernative

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20
Q

What route is Vasopressin given:

A

IVP

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21
Q

What route is Amiodarone given:

A

IV/IO

22
Q

What is the dose for Amiodarone:

A

Adult: Cardiac arrest: 1st 300 mg IV/IO; 2nd (if needed) 150 mg

Pedi: Refactory VF, pulseless VT: 5 mg/kg IV/IO (15 mg/kg 24 hrs) max: 300 mg

23
Q

What is the drug action of Amiodarone:

A

Complex drug alters movement of sodium, calcium, and potassium through normal channels

It has alpha and beta clockers; increase refactory period of all cardiac tissue

Slows repolarization and dcreases automaticity

24
Q

What are the indications for Amiodarone:

A

VF/VT cardiac arrest unresponsive to CPR, shock and vasopressor

Recurrent, hemodynamically unstable VT, option in stable wide QRS tachycardia

25
Q

What are the side effects of Amiodarone:

A

Rapid infusion may lead to hypotension, headache, heart block, bradycardia, CHF, liver and thyroid abnormalities.

Dizziness, flushing, and abnomal salivation

26
Q

What are the precautions for Amiodarone:

A

Dont administer with other drugs that prolong QT interval, may potentiate bradycardia and hypotension with beta blockers and calcium channel blockers

27
Q

What are the contraindicatoins for Amiodarone:

A

In patients hypersensitive to drug or to iodine, in pts in cardiogenic shock, 2nd or 3rd degree AV block, brady unless pacemaker present, dont administer with other drugs that prolong QT intervals, trauma pts, use cautiously in pts with pulmonary, hepatic, or thyroid disease

28
Q

What is the drug class for Procainamide:

A

Antidysrhythmic (IA)

29
Q

What route is Procainamide given:

A

IVPB (after lidocaine and not if amiodarone is given)

30
Q

What dose is Procainamide:

A

Adult: 20-50 mg/min IV for urgent ventricular rhythms- max total 17 mg/kg (1gm)

Pedi: Loading dose 15 mg/kg IVPB over 30-60 min

31
Q

What are the drug actions of Procainamide:

A

Increases effects of skeletal muscle relaxants, other antiarrhythmics

32
Q

What are the indications for Procainamide:

A

Reentry SVT (PSVT) uncontrolled by adenosine and vagal maneuvers if normotensive, atrial fib with rapid rate in WPW syndrome, stable wide-complex regular tachy with a pulse- usually after lidocaine

33
Q

What are the precautions for Procainamide:

A

Be very aware of the potent vasodilating and negative inotropic effects, montior B/P and pulse ox, have pt on cardiac monitor with 12 lead, use with caution with other drugs that prolong QRS interval

34
Q

What are the side effects of Procainamide:

A

Hypotension in pts with imparied LV function, bradycardia, reflex tachycardia, heart block, VT/VF/Asystole, QRS widening, less frequently PR and QT prolongation, CNS-rare

35
Q

What are the contraindications for Procainamide:

A

2nd and 3rd degree clocks (complete heart blocks) without pacemaker, digitalis toxicity, torsades de pointes, tricyclic antidepressant toxicity, prexisting hypotension

36
Q

What is the class of Dopamine:

A

Sympathomimetic

37
Q

What route is Dopamine given:

A

Always IVPB

38
Q

What is the dose for Dopamine:

A

Adult: Bradycardia: 2-10 mcg/kg per min, Cardiogenic shock: 5-10 mcg/kg per min, Post cardiac arrest hypotension: 5-10 mcg/kg per min

Pedi: Not used

39
Q

What are the drug actions for Dopamine:

A

In low doses (renal doses): dopaminergic effects- increases perfusion to kidneys and abdominal organs

In moderate doses (cardiac doses): stimulate beta 1 receptors causing beta 1 adrenergic effects that increase the rate and force of ventricular contractoins

High doses (vasopressor doses): alpha adrenergic effect producing peripheral arterial and venous contriction

40
Q

What are the precautions for Dopamine:

A

Monitor B/P and pulse ox, have patient on monitor with 12 lead and large bore IV, monitor urinary output, dont mix with sodium bicarb, use infusion pump if possible, correct hypovolemia 1st- dont use vaseopressors

41
Q

What are the indications for Dopamine:

A

Hemodynamically significant hypotension in the absence fo hypovolemia, hypotension (SBP 70 to 90) with S/S of cardiogenic shock, post cardia arrest (ROSC) treatment of hypotenisve SBP <90, systemic bradycardia if atropine ineffective (2nd line drug)

42
Q

What are the side effects of Dopamine:

A

Tachycardia- dose related, hypertension, increased myocardial oxygen demand- angina, headache, nausea/vomitting, palpitations, ventricular arrhythmias- esp with high dose, tissue necrosis

43
Q

What are the contraindications for Dopamine:

A

Hypvoloemic shock, tachydysrhythmias, v-fib, patients with pheochromocytoma (adrenal gland tumor)

44
Q

What is another name for Lidocaine HCL:

A

Xylocaine

45
Q

What drug class is Lidocaine:

A

Ventricular Anti-Arrhythmic

46
Q

What route is Lidocaine given:

A

IV/IO

47
Q

What is the dose for Lidocaine:

A

Adult: V-fib/pulseless V-tach: 1.5 mg/kg; unstable V-tach: 1-1.5 mg/kg, stable V-tach: 1 mg/kg, salvos or runs of V-tach or PVCs 1 mg/kg; repeat doses at .5-.75 mg/kg; ETT dose is 2-2.5 X IV dose max dose is 3 mg/kg

Pedi: 1 mg/kg

10-20 min half life

48
Q

What are the indications for Lidocaine:

A

Ventricular rhythms of irritability: PVCs (usually >6 min) with AMI, runs of V-tach, V-fib

49
Q

What are the precautions for Lidocaine:

A

Consider reduced dose if >65 y.o., or those with PMHX of liver disease or CHF, beware of “caine” allergies, short half life- hang a GTT post bolus of re-bolus, continually montior ECG, B/P and LOC

50
Q

What are the side effects for Lidocaine:

A

Toxicity: Early- drowsy, dizzy, lightheaded. Late- hypotension, bradycardia, seziure, change in LOC

51
Q

What are the contraindicatoins for Lidocaine:

A

Ventricular escape beats/rhythms associated with bradycardia or heart blocks

Drugs (2 decks)

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