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Drugs > On board drugs > Flashcards

On board drugs Flashcards

1
Q

Precautions for Fentanyl:

A

Pregnancy, used with caution in elderly, severe respiratory/cardiac disorders

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2
Q

Drug action for Fentanyl:

A

Binds with receptor sites in the brain to produce analgesic affects

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3
Q

Indications for Fentanyl:

A

Pain control, sedation for invasive airway procedures (RSI and PAI)

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4
Q

Route Fentanyl is given:

A

IV, IO and IN

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5
Q

Class of Fentanyl:

A

Opioid analgesic, synthetic narcotic

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6
Q

Side effects for Fentanyl:

A

Respiratory depression, bradycardia, hypo/hypertension, nausea/vomiting

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7
Q

Contraindications for Fentanyl:

A

Respiratory depression, hypotension, head injury, cardiac dysrhythmias, hypersensitivity to opioids

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8
Q

Dose for Fentanyl:

A

Adult: 1-2 mcg/kg (200 mcg max)

Pediatric: 1-2 mcg/kg

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9
Q

Antidote for Fentanyl:

A

Narcan 0.4 mg IN, IVP, or IO, titrated to effect up to 2 mg

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10
Q

Class of Morphine Sulfate:

A

Narcotic- narcotic analgesic or opioid analgesic

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11
Q

Route Morphine is given:

A

IVP (IV push)

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12
Q

Dose for Morphine:

A

Adult: 2-4 mg slow IV push up to a max of 20 mg

Pediatric: 0.1 mg/kg

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13
Q

Drug action for Morphine:

A

Alleviates pain, vasodilator, decrease cardiac workload and oxygen demand, decreases anxiety, CNS depressent

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14
Q

Indications for Morphine:

A

Pain and anixety secondary to AMI, chest pain unrelieved by nitro, pain control, pulmonary edema

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15
Q

Precautions to Morphine:

A

Monitor respiratory and B/P status. Have narcan available

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16
Q

Side effects to Morphine:

A

Respiratory depression, dizziness, hypotension, bradycardia, nausea/vomiting, itching and constipation

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17
Q

Contraindicatoins for Morphine:

A

Systolic B/P <90 mmHg, traumatic brian injury, severe respiratory depression

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18
Q

Antidote for Morhpine:

A

Narcan 0.4 mg IN, IVP, or IO, titrated to affect up to 2 mg

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19
Q

Class of Albuterol:

A

Sympathomimetic

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20
Q

Route Albuterol is given:

A

Inhaled (can be given via the ET tube)

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21
Q

Dose of Albuterol:

A

Adult: Nebulized inhaler 2.5 mg over 5-15 mins

Pediatric: Same as adult

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22
Q

Drug action of Albuterol:

A

Causes bronchodilation via Beta 2

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23
Q

Indications for Albuterol:

A

Bronchospasm from asthma or COPD, allergic reactions, unresponsive to Epi or Benadryl

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24
Q

Precautions for Albuterol:

A

Known heart disease

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25
Q

Side effects for albuterol:

A

Restlessness, hypertension, tachycardia

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26
Q

Contraindications for Albuterol:

A

Pregnancy (except in life-threatening situations), can increase the heart rate and blood sugar levels in the fetus

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27
Q

Class of Aspirin:

A

NSAID, anti-platelet aggregator, analgesic, anti-inflammatory, antipyretic

28
Q

Route Aspirin is given:

A

Oral

29
Q

Dose for Aspirin:

A

One (325 mg) adult aspirin or four (81 mg) baby aspirin, standing order regardless of whether the patient has taken any aspirin within the previous 24 hours

Pediatric: Not given; call medical control

30
Q

Drug action for Aspirin:

A

Reduces platelet stickiness, blocks pain impulses in the CNS, dilates peripheral vessels, reduces coronary artery vasoconstriction

31
Q

Indications for Aspirin:

A

Chest pain believed to be of cardiac origin, aspirin prevents blood from clotting by blocking the production of thromboxane, A-2 by platelets

32
Q

Precautions for Aspirin:

A

Any significant bleeding and chronic use can casue GI bleeding

33
Q

Side effects of Aspirin:

A

None for pre-hospital

34
Q

Contraindications for Aspirin:

A

Aspirin allergy, aspirin-induced asthma and hemorrhagic stroke

35
Q

Class of Epi 1:1:

A

Sympathomimetic

36
Q

Route Epi 1:1 is given:

A

Subcutaneous (SQ) or IVPB drip (rarely)

37
Q

Dose of Epi 1:1:

A

Adult: Asthmatic bronchonconstriction and allergic reaction/anaphylaxis- .3 mg- .05 mg SQ

Proufound Bradycardia- 2-10 mcg/min IVPB continuous infusion, titrated to effect, mix 1 mg in 500 mL of NS or D5W

Pediatric: Asthmatic bronchoconstriction and allergic reaction/anaphylactic- 0.01 mg/kg SQ (max 0.3 mg per dose)

Profound bradycardia- 0.1-1 mcg/kg/min IVPB continuous infusion, titrated to effect, mix 1 mb in 250 mL

38
Q

Drug action of Epi 1:1:

A

Alpha: peripheral vasoconstriction- increases blood pressure in anaphylaxis, decreases vessel permeability, increases coronary cereral perfusion

Beta 1: Increases heart rate and increases contractoin strength

Beta 2: Bronchodilation

39
Q

Indications for Epi1:1:

A

Asthmatic bronchospasm refractory (doesn’t respond) to Albuterol and Atrovent. Allergic reaction/anaphylaxis. Profound, symptomatic bradycardia refractory to other treatments

40
Q

Precautions for Epi1:1:

A

Monitor ECG closely, massage the site vigorously after SQ injections, patients on beta blockers may need higher doses of ipinephrine and/or Glucagon

41
Q

Side effects of Epi 1:1:

A

Headache, flushing. Nausea, vominting. Restlessness, tremors, trachycardia, HTN, myocradial ischemia/infarction, chest pain and arrhythmias

42
Q

Contraindications of Epi 1:1:

A

Asthma-heart disease/history of AMI, over 45, arrhythmias, labor

43
Q

Class of Epi 1:10:

A
44
Q

Route Epi 1:10 is given:

A

IVP (IV push)

45
Q

Dose for Epi 1:10:

A

Adult: Cardiac arrest- 1 mg IVP

Anaphylaxis- 0.1-0.2 mg slow IVP (.1 mg/min), Profound symptomatic bradycardia- 2-10 mcg/min IVPB continuous infusion, titrated to effect. Mix 1 mg in 250 mL or 500 mL of NS or D5W

Pediatric: Cardiac arrest- IV 0.01 mg/kg rapid IVP

Anaphylaxis- 0.01 mg/kg slow push (0.1 mg/min- max is 0.3 mg per dose)

Proufound symptomatic bradycardia- 0.01 mg/kg slow IVP (0.1 mg/min- max 0.3 mg per dose)

46
Q

Drug action of Epi 1:10:

A

Alpha: Peripheral vasoconstriction

Beta 1: Increases heart rate and increases contraction strength

Beta 2: Bronchodilation

47
Q

Indicatoins for Epi 1:10:

A

Cardiac arrest, anaphylaxis that is refractory to epi 1:1 and fluid boluses

Pediatric- profound, symptomtic bradycardia refractory to other treatments- never give Epi IVP to live adults in bradycardia

48
Q

Precautions of Epi 1:10:

A

None in CPR, anaphylaxis- use cautiously in patients with COPD, CHF, history of AMI or heart diease, age over 45, HTN, arrhythmias and labor. Monitor ECG closely. Patients on beta blockers may need higher doses of Epi and/or Glucagon. Don’t mix with Sodiuym Bicarb- flush between drugs

49
Q

Side effects of Epi 1:10:

A

CPR none. Anaphylaxis- increases in myocardial oxygen deman leading to tachycardia, chest pain and arrhythmias, headache, flushing, nausea, vomiting, restlessness and tremors

50
Q

Contraindications for Epi 1:10:

A

None- if the need it, give it to them

51
Q

Class of Atrovent (ipratropium bromide):

A

Anticholinergic

52
Q

Route Atrovent is given:

A

Inhaled

53
Q

Dose of Atrovent:

A

Adult: Nebulized inhaler 0.5 in 2.5 mL NS

Pediatric: <1 year old 0.25 in 2.5 mL NS

>1 year or older- same as adult

54
Q

Drug action of Atrovent:

A

Causes bronchodilation and dries secretions, anticholinergic action

55
Q

Indications for Atrovent:

A

Bronchospasm from asthma or COPD that does not respond to 1st dose of Albuterol, also used for bronchospasm from chemical toxins

56
Q

Precautions for Atrovent:

A

Notify med control prior to administratoin if patient has a PMHX of glaucoma, prostatic hypertrophy (BPH), bladder neck obstruction

57
Q

Side effects of Atrovent:

A

Dry mouth, cough or worsening of symptoms, skin rash, nausea/vomiting, headache and blurred vision

58
Q

Contraindications of Atrovent:

A

Sensitivity to soy products (soybeans, peanuts), sensitivity to Atropine, bronchoconstriction due to allergic reaction

59
Q

Class of Nitroglycerin:

A

Vasodilator

60
Q

Route Nitro is given:

A

SL usually a spray or tablet

61
Q

Dose for Nitro:

A

Adult: 1 spray (0.4 mg) or 1 tablet (0.4) SL, may repeat twice q 5

Pediatric: Not used in the pre-hospital setting

62
Q

Drug action for Nitro:

A

Dilates coronary and systemic vessels, decreases PVR, preload and afterload, decreases cardiac workload, decreases O2 demand on heart

63
Q

Indications for Nitro:

A

Chest pain of cardiac origin, pulmonary edema associated with CHF (Bp needs to be greater than 90)

64
Q

Precautions for Nitro:

A

For acute coronary syndrome, perform 12 lead first, watch BP closely, ensure patient is sitting or lying down, may “sting” under tongue or taste bitter, if suspected inferior wall AMI, ensure IV in place prior to administration

65
Q

Side effects to Nitro:

A

Hypotension, headache, postural hypotension/syncope, reflex tachycardia, nauseas/vomiting, diaphoresis

66
Q

Contraindications for Nitro:

A

Systolic B/P <90 mmHg, increases intracranial pressure, Viagra or Levitra within previous 24 hrs or Cialis (48 hrs), hypersensitivity, extreme bradycardia (HR <50), extreme tachycardias ( HR >100)

Drugs (2 decks)

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